Zagminas Kestutis, Surkiene Gene, Urbanovic Natalija, Stukas Rimantas
Instutute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2007;43(2):161-9.
To assess parental attitudes and knowledge about children's vaccination.
In this study, 20 day-care centers, 25 schools, and 6 health centers were randomly selected in Vilnius, and an anonymous survey of 2743 parents was conducted. Females made up 85.2% of all respondents, males--14.8%; the mean age was 35.7 years.
Two-thirds of respondents (66.7%) agreed that vaccines for children's immunization are safe; 80.7% stated that vaccination is more beneficial than harmful. Only 16.9% of parents indicated that vaccines cause adverse events more frequently than other medical treatment, 62.7% that vaccines are amongst the most effective and least costly forms of medical treatment, and 35.9% that vaccines always warrant protection. Majority of parents agreed that children's vaccination is essential (89.0%), and children should be vaccinated regularly according schedule (88.6%). Only 30.1% of respondents agreed with the idea of taking a newly developed vaccine even if it has been carefully tested for safety; 42.3% of respondents could afford to pay for nonreimbursed vaccines. On an average, 38.0% of respondents know that they should be revaccinated every 10 years against diphtheria and tetanus, 61.3% have never been vaccinated against influenza. The main sources of information on vaccination are medical institutions (92.2%), print media (38.1%), and broadcast media (38.2%).
While most of respondents can be characterized as having a positive opinion about vaccination, 20-40% of respondents indicated insufficient knowledge on this issue. For implementing the new vaccines, communication efforts should focus on clarifying correct parental beliefs about immunization. Vaccines for child should be reimbursed on the same basis as other medical treatment. Vaccination of adult and risk groups should be emphasized in the national vaccination program.
评估家长对儿童疫苗接种的态度和知识。
在本研究中，在维尔纽斯随机选择了20家日托中心、25所学校和6家健康中心，对2743名家长进行了匿名调查。女性占所有受访者的85.2%，男性占14.8%；平均年龄为35.7岁。
三分之二的受访者（66.7%）认为用于儿童免疫的疫苗是安全的；80.7%的人表示接种疫苗利大于弊。只有16.9%的家长表示疫苗比其他医疗手段更易引发不良事件，62.7%的家长认为疫苗是最有效且成本最低的医疗手段之一，35.9%的家长认为疫苗总能提供保护。大多数家长同意儿童接种疫苗至关重要（89.0%），且儿童应按计划定期接种疫苗（88.6%）。只有30.1%的受访者同意即使新研发的疫苗经过了仔细的安全性测试也愿意使用；42.3%的受访者能够支付自费疫苗的费用。平均而言，38.0%的受访者知道他们应该每10年重新接种白喉和破伤风疫苗，61.3%的人从未接种过流感疫苗。疫苗接种信息的主要来源是医疗机构（92.2%）、印刷媒体（38.1%）和广播媒体（38.2%）。
虽然大多数受访者对疫苗接种持积极态度，但20%-40%的受访者表示在这个问题上知识不足。为了推广新疫苗，宣传工作应侧重于澄清家长对免疫接种的正确认识。儿童疫苗应与其他医疗手段一样得到报销。国家疫苗接种计划应强调成人和风险群体的疫苗接种。
