Zilberstein Bruno, Quintanilha Alina G, Santos Manoel A A, Pajecki Denis, Moura Eduardo G, Alves Paulo Roberto Arruda, Maluf Filho Fauze, de Souza João Ary Ubriaco, Gama-Rodrigues Joaquim
Digestive Surgery Division, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2007 Feb;62(1):47-54. doi: 10.1590/s1807-59322007000100008.
The aim of this study was to standardize the methods of sample collection of mucus from the digestive tract and to determine the microbiota in healthy volunteers from Brazil, collecting samples from the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum.
Microbiota of selected healthy volunteers from the oral cavity (n=10), the esophagus (n=10), the upper digestive tract (n=20), and the lower digestive tract (n=24) were evaluated through distinct collection methods. Collection methods took into account the different sites, using basic scraping and swabbing techniques, stimulated saliva from the oral cavity, irrigation-aspiration with sterile catheters especially designed for the esophagus, a probe especially designed for upper digestive tract, and a special catheter for the lower digestive tract.
(i) Mixed microbiota were identified in the oral cavity, predominantly Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic cocci; (ii) transitional flora mainly in the esophagus; (iii) Veillonella sp, Lactobacillus sp, and Clostridium sp in the stomach and duodenum; (iv) in the jejunum and upper ileum, we observed Bacteroides sp, Proteus sp, and Staphylococcus sp, in addition to Veillonella sp; (v) in the colon, the presence of "nonpathogenic" anaerobic bacteria Veillonella sp (average 10(5) UFC) indicates the existence of a low oxidation-reduction potential environment, which suggests the possibility of adoption of these bacteria as biological markers of total digestive tract health.
The collection methods were efficient in obtaining adequate samples from each segment of the total digestive tract to reveal the normal microbiota. These procedures are safe and easily reproducible for microbiological studies.
本研究旨在规范从消化道采集黏液样本的方法，并确定来自巴西的健康志愿者口腔、食管、胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠和直肠中的微生物群。
通过不同的采集方法对选定的来自口腔（n = 10）、食管（n = 10）、上消化道（n = 20）和下消化道（n = 24）的健康志愿者的微生物群进行评估。采集方法考虑到不同的部位，采用基本的刮取和擦拭技术、刺激口腔唾液、使用专门为食管设计的无菌导管进行冲洗抽吸、专门为上消化道设计的探头以及为下消化道设计的特殊导管。
（i）在口腔中鉴定出混合微生物群，主要是革兰氏阳性需氧和厌氧球菌；（ii）食管中主要是过渡菌群；（iii）胃和十二指肠中有韦荣氏菌属、乳杆菌属和梭菌属；（iv）在空肠和回肠上段，除韦荣氏菌属外，还观察到拟杆菌属、变形杆菌属和葡萄球菌属；（v）在结肠中，“非致病性”厌氧菌韦荣氏菌属（平均10⁵CFU）的存在表明存在低氧化还原电位环境，这表明有可能将这些细菌用作全消化道健康的生物标志物。
这些采集方法能够有效地从全消化道的各个部位获取足够的样本以揭示正常微生物群。这些程序对于微生物学研究来说是安全且易于重复的。
