Lewis Nicole, Dollman James, Dale Michael
School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2007 Dec;10(6):418-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.10.005. Epub 2007 Feb 28.
Rising youth obesity is a serious public health concern. There is a widespread view that declining physical activity is contributing to this trend. A total of 929 young South Australians (age=9-15 years) were surveyed in 1985 and 2004 on usual physical activity in several contexts, including attitudes to physical activity. Eight of 10 South Australian schools participating in the 1985 Schools Health and Fitness Survey were revisited in 2004. Comparisons were made on: organised sport, active transport, physical education (PE), playground activity, vigorous physical activity (VPA), total leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and attitudes to PE and school sport. The questionnaire and method of administration were identical in both surveys. There were no differences between surveys in club and school sport participation, walking to school, and reported enjoyment of PE and school sport. In 2004 fewer children rode to school, but PE classes were more frequent. The percentage of children who 'sit and talk' during school breaks had increased, with a decreased percentage of older girls who 'run around' during school breaks. There was a significantly higher LTPA in MET.min in 2004 for boys, which was particularly evident at higher percentiles. There were no changes in mean or distribution of LTPA for the whole sample or girls. The percentage of respondents reporting >/=3 bouts of VPA in the previous week rose from 51% (1985) to 76% (2004). There is no consistent evidence of declining physical activity among South Australian youth. It is apparent that physical activity in some contexts has declined, while in other contexts levels are the same or higher than in 1985. This underscores the complex nature of physical activity and the influences on this behaviour.
青少年肥胖率上升是一个严重的公共卫生问题。人们普遍认为身体活动减少是导致这一趋势的原因。1985年和2004年，对929名南澳大利亚州的年轻人（年龄在9至15岁之间）进行了调查，内容涉及在多种情况下的日常身体活动，包括对体育活动的态度。2004年，回访了1985年参与学校健康与体能调查的南澳大利亚州10所学校中的8所。对以下方面进行了比较：有组织的体育运动、积极的交通方式、体育教育（PE）、操场活动、剧烈身体活动（VPA）、总休闲时间身体活动（LTPA）以及对体育教育和学校体育运动的态度。两次调查的问卷和管理方法相同。在俱乐部和学校体育运动参与、步行上学以及对体育教育和学校体育运动的喜爱程度方面，两次调查没有差异。2004年，骑车上学的孩子减少了，但体育课更频繁了。在课间休息时“坐着聊天”的孩子比例增加了，而在课间休息时“四处奔跑”的大龄女孩比例下降了。2004年，男孩的LTPA以代谢当量·分钟计算显著更高，在较高百分位数时尤为明显。整个样本或女孩的LTPA均值或分布没有变化。在前一周报告有≥3次VPA发作的受访者比例从51%（1985年）升至76%（2004年）。没有一致的证据表明南澳大利亚州青少年的身体活动在减少。显然，在某些情况下身体活动有所下降，而在其他情况下，其水平与1985年相同或更高。这凸显了身体活动的复杂性以及对这种行为的影响。
