Blazer Dan G, Sachs-Ericsson Natalie, Hybels Celia F
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007 Feb;62(2):191-5. doi: 10.1093/gerona/62.2.191.
In previous studies we found that, among older adults (>64 years), perception that basic needs were not being met increased mortality risk and risk for functional decline. In this study, we determined, controlling for reported income and functional status, if perceived inadequate basic needs predicted depressive symptoms.
Repeated-measures analysis was used to determine, during three intervals in a 10-year longitudinal study (the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, n = 4162 at baseline), if perceived inadequate basic needs at the beginning of each interval predicted more depressive symptoms at the end of the interval. We included time invariant covariates known to be associated with depressive symptoms--age, sex, race, and education. We also included time-varying covariates at the beginning of the three intervals--income, cognitive status, functional status, depressive symptoms, and interval.
In the repeated-measures controlled analyses, the perception of inadequate basic needs was a highly significant predictor of future depressive symptoms (p <.0001). Race, education, baseline depression, baseline function, interval, and income were also significant predictors of depression. The interaction between interval and depression was not significant.
The perception that one's basic needs are not being met predicted future depressive symptoms in a highly controlled analysis. These results suggest that perception of inadequate basic needs, even when income and other known correlates of depression are controlled, is a strong predictor of future depressive symptoms.
在之前的研究中我们发现，在老年人（>64岁）中，认为基本需求未得到满足会增加死亡风险和功能衰退风险。在本研究中，我们在控制报告收入和功能状态的情况下，确定感知到的基本需求不足是否能预测抑郁症状。
在一项为期10年的纵向研究（杜克老年人流行病学研究既定人群，基线时n = 4162）的三个时间间隔内，采用重复测量分析来确定每个时间间隔开始时感知到的基本需求不足是否能预测该时间间隔结束时更多的抑郁症状。我们纳入了已知与抑郁症状相关的时间不变协变量——年龄、性别、种族和教育程度。我们还纳入了三个时间间隔开始时的时变协变量——收入、认知状态、功能状态、抑郁症状和时间间隔。
在重复测量的对照分析中，认为基本需求不足是未来抑郁症状的一个高度显著的预测因素（p <.0001）。种族、教育程度、基线抑郁、基线功能、时间间隔和收入也是抑郁的显著预测因素。时间间隔和抑郁之间的交互作用不显著。
在一项高度对照的分析中，认为自己的基本需求未得到满足可预测未来的抑郁症状。这些结果表明，即使在控制了收入和其他已知的抑郁相关因素后，感知到的基本需求不足仍是未来抑郁症状的一个强有力的预测因素。
