Serafińska Sylwia, Smoliński Patryk, Gładysz Andrzej
Katedra i Klinika Chorób Zakaźnych, Chorób Watroby i Nabytych Niedoborów Odpornościowych, Akademia Medyczna we Wrocławiu.
Med Pr. 2006;57(5):439-50.
The principles of uniform reports on infections with HBV, HCV, HIV due to occupational exposure have not yet been established in Poland. Usually, reporting on such incidents is governed by internal rules of individual health care institutions. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of obtaining data on postexposure incidents among health care workers in different voivodeships (regions) and to identify a group of persons who most frequently reported such cases in a given calendar year.
Nineteen medical centers from all 16 voivodeships were invited to participate in the study. The main condition to be enrolled in the study was to provide full postexposure prophylaxis log.
In all, 8 centers from 8 voivodeships were enrolled in the final study. Only in 4 voivodehips, completely centralized postexposure prophylaxis logs were in operation. Women with secondary education (nurses) formed the major group of exposed persons. Exposure incidents occurred most frequently in wards or operation rooms while performing medical procedures or immediately after. Blood collection predominated among various kinds of exposure. The majority (75.7%) of health workers underwent full vaccination program against HBV. The analysis revealed large differences in exposure reporting between individual voivodeships. Sometimes they made it even difficult to complete full demographic data concerning exposed persons. Therefore, a universal tool of nationwide system should be elaborated. Such a system (an example is presented by the authors), regularly verified, might provide grounds for a wider analysis of postexposure prophylaxis efficacy, details concerning exposure incidents and their consequences in the future. This may greatly contribute to the reduction of exposure rates among health care workers.
在波兰，尚未确立关于职业暴露导致的乙肝病毒（HBV）、丙肝病毒（HCV）、艾滋病毒（HIV）感染统一报告的原则。通常，此类事件的报告由各个医疗机构的内部规定管理。本研究的目的是评估获取不同省（地区）医护人员职业暴露后事件数据的可能性，并确定在给定日历年度中最常报告此类病例的人群。
邀请了来自所有16个省的19个医疗中心参与研究。纳入研究的主要条件是提供完整的暴露后预防记录。
最终共有来自8个省的8个中心参与了研究。只有4个省实行了完全集中的暴露后预防记录。接受过中等教育的女性（护士）构成了主要的暴露人群。暴露事件最常发生在病房或手术室，在进行医疗程序时或之后立即发生。在各类暴露中，采血占主导。大多数（75.7%）医护人员接种了完整的乙肝疫苗接种计划。分析显示，各个省在暴露报告方面存在很大差异。有时这甚至使得难以完整获取有关暴露人员的人口统计学数据。因此，应制定一个全国性系统的通用工具。这样一个系统（作者给出了一个示例），经过定期验证，可能为未来更广泛地分析暴露后预防效果、暴露事件的细节及其后果提供依据。这可能极大地有助于降低医护人员的暴露率。
