Grigos Maria I, Patel Rupal
Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, New York University, 719 Broadway, Suite 200, New York, NY 10003, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2007 Feb;50(1):119-30. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/010).
This study explored the relationship between articulator movement and prosody in children at different developmental ages. Jaw, lower lip, and upper lip kinematics were examined in 4-, 7-, and 11-year-old children as they produced the declarative and interrogative forms of utterances "Show Bob a bot" and "Show Pop a pot." Articulator movement differences were found between declaratives and interrogatives during the production of vowel and consonant targets. The 7- and 11-year-olds differentiated the duration and displacement of their articulator movements to distinguish between declaratives and interrogatives. Several age-related differences in movement duration between the 4-year-olds and the older participants were associated with the production of these targets. Productions of declaratives and interrogatives were not associated with any significant differences in articulator movement variability, although variability did decrease significantly with maturation. The results suggest that children modify their articulator movements to meet the prosodic and linguistic demands of the task. While 4-year-olds appear to be able to modify lip and jaw movement to mark the declarative-interrogative contrast, refinement of these movements continues throughout childhood.
本研究探讨了不同发育年龄儿童的发音器官运动与韵律之间的关系。在4岁、7岁和11岁儿童说出陈述句和疑问句形式的话语“给鲍勃看一个机器人”和“给波普看一个罐子”时，对其颌、下唇和上唇的运动学进行了检查。在元音和辅音目标的发音过程中，陈述句和疑问句之间发现了发音器官运动的差异。7岁和11岁的儿童通过区分发音器官运动的持续时间和位移来区分陈述句和疑问句。4岁儿童与年龄较大的参与者在运动持续时间上存在一些与年龄相关的差异，这些差异与这些目标的发音有关。陈述句和疑问句的发音在发音器官运动变异性方面没有显著差异，尽管变异性确实随着成熟而显著降低。结果表明，儿童会调整他们的发音器官运动，以满足任务的韵律和语言要求。虽然4岁儿童似乎能够通过调整嘴唇和颌的运动来标记陈述句与疑问句的对比，但这些运动的细化在整个童年时期都在持续。
