Rosado-de-Christenson M L, Galobardes J, Moran C A
Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000.
Radiographics. 1992 Jan;12(1):151-68. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.12.1.1734461.
Thymoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the thymus. The majority of thymomas are encapsulated masses and exhibit a benign behavior. Less frequently, thymomas may be locally invasive, or rarely they may metastasize to distant sites. The usual clinical presentation is that of an anterior mediastinal mass found incidentally in an asymptomatic patient. The variable gross features of thymoma and the potential for local invasion result in a variety of radiologic appearances. The most common radiologic manifestation is a rounded, soft-tissue mass of the anterior superior mediastinum. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging typically show a prevascular mediastinal mass of variable size and may be helpful in the evaluation of adjacent structures in cases of invasive thymoma. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used adjunctively to surgery in the treatment of invasive tumors. The prognosis of encapsulated thymoma is generally favorable. Invasive tumors are associated with a worse prognosis but may respond to radical resection.
胸腺瘤是胸腺最常见的原发性肿瘤。大多数胸腺瘤为有包膜的肿块，表现为良性行为。较少见的情况下，胸腺瘤可能局部浸润，或极少发生远处转移。通常的临床表现是在无症状患者中偶然发现的前纵隔肿块。胸腺瘤的大体特征多样以及局部浸润的可能性导致了多种影像学表现。最常见的影像学表现是前上纵隔的圆形软组织肿块。计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像通常显示血管前纵隔肿块，大小不一，对于侵袭性胸腺瘤病例评估相邻结构可能有帮助。治疗的首选是完整手术切除。放射治疗和化疗可在侵袭性肿瘤的治疗中作为手术的辅助手段使用。有包膜胸腺瘤的预后一般良好。侵袭性肿瘤预后较差，但可能对根治性切除有反应。
