Riccio P A, Zingaretti C, Milani M, Ricci Petitoni G, Monti G, Pavanello P M
Divisione di Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale Civile, Imola.
Minerva Chir. 1996 Sep;51(9):663-7.
Thymoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the tymus. The majority of thymomas are encapsulated masses and exhibit benign behavior. Less frequently they may be invasive, or rarely they may metastasize to distant sites. The usual clinical presentation is that of an anterior mediastinal mass found accidentally in an asymptomatic patient. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance may be helpful in the evaluation of adjacent structures. The histologic classification proposed by Muller-Hermelink is useful in predicting and defining the risk of invasiveness of thymomas showing a significant correlation between tumor cell type and stage. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision; radiation therapy may be used adjunctively to surgery in the treatment of invasive tumors. The choice of surgical approach is conditioned by site and grading of thymoma. The prognosis of encapsulated thymoma is generally favorable; invasive tumors are associated with a worse prognosis but may respond to radical resection.
胸腺瘤是胸腺最常见的原发性肿瘤。大多数胸腺瘤为有包膜的肿块，表现为良性行为。较少见的情况下，它们可能具有侵袭性，或极少会转移至远处部位。通常的临床表现是在无症状患者中偶然发现的前纵隔肿块。计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像可能有助于评估相邻结构。Muller-Hermelink提出的组织学分类有助于预测和界定胸腺瘤的侵袭风险，显示肿瘤细胞类型与分期之间存在显著相关性。首选的治疗方法是完整手术切除；放射治疗可在侵袭性肿瘤的治疗中作为手术的辅助手段使用。手术入路的选择取决于胸腺瘤的部位和分级。包膜完整的胸腺瘤预后一般良好；侵袭性肿瘤的预后较差，但可能对根治性切除有反应。
