Klebanov Pamela, Brooks-Gunn Jeanne
Center for Research on Child Wellbeing Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1094:63-82. doi: 10.1196/annals.1376.007.
This article examines the effects of risks for a sample of low birth weight children (2,001 to 2,500 g and family income-to-needs at 250% of the poverty threshold or less; n = 228) using data from the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP, an experiment testing the efficacy of early intervention). Cognitive test scores (IQ) are assessed at 3, 5, and 8 years of age. Links with risks at each age point are examined using three different models-cumulative, human capital, and psychological risks. Similar decrements in IQ scores are found at all ages for the cumulative and human capital models but not for the psychological risk model. Treatment effects are found at 3 years of age (when the intervention ended) for all levels of risk and for all models. Sustained effects of the treatment were found at 5 and 8 years of age for children with moderate levels of human capital risk but were not found for any levels of psychological risk. Implications for early childhood intervention programs are discussed.
本文利用婴儿健康与发展项目（IHDP，一项测试早期干预效果的实验）的数据，研究了低出生体重儿童样本（体重在2001至2500克之间，家庭收入与需求之比为贫困线的250%或更低；n = 228）面临的风险所产生的影响。在儿童3岁、5岁和8岁时评估认知测试分数（智商）。使用三种不同模型——累积风险模型、人力资本风险模型和心理风险模型，研究每个年龄点的风险关联。累积风险模型和人力资本风险模型在所有年龄段的智商分数下降情况相似，但心理风险模型并非如此。在3岁（干预结束时），所有风险水平和所有模型均发现了治疗效果。对于人力资本风险水平中等的儿童，在5岁和8岁时发现了治疗的持续效果，但在任何心理风险水平下均未发现。文中还讨论了对幼儿干预项目的启示。
