Klebanov P K, Brooks-Gunn J, McCarton C, McCormick M C
Center for Children and Families, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA.
Child Dev. 1998 Oct;69(5):1420-36.
The effects of neighborhood and family income and family risk factors on developmental test scores at ages 1 through 3 are examined using a subsample (N = 347) from the Infant Health and Development Program. Beneficial effects of low numbers of risks were found for scores at ages 1 through 3. Family poverty was associated with lower scores at ages 2 and 3. Neighborhood affluence was associated with higher scores at age 3. The family risks-test score association at ages 1 through 3 and family income-test score association at ages 2 and 3 were mediated by home environment. Mediated effects were stronger for family income-test score associations at age 3 than for neighborhood income. Moderating effects of family risk on family and neighborhood income effects revealed an interaction between family poverty and risks for scores at age 3. Explanations for the early links between family risks and test scores and the later links between income and test scores are discussed.
利用来自婴儿健康与发展项目的一个子样本（N = 347），研究了邻里和家庭收入以及家庭风险因素对1至3岁儿童发育测试分数的影响。研究发现，风险数量较少对1至3岁儿童的测试分数有有益影响。家庭贫困与2岁和3岁儿童的较低分数相关。邻里富裕与3岁儿童的较高分数相关。1至3岁儿童的家庭风险与测试分数之间的关联以及2岁和3岁儿童的家庭收入与测试分数之间的关联是由家庭环境介导的。3岁时家庭收入与测试分数之间的中介效应比邻里收入的中介效应更强。家庭风险对家庭和邻里收入效应的调节作用揭示了家庭贫困与3岁儿童分数风险之间的相互作用。文中讨论了家庭风险与测试分数早期关联以及收入与测试分数后期关联的解释。
