Reiner J L, Berset J D, Kannan K
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007 May;52(4):451-7. doi: 10.1007/s00244-006-0203-3. Epub 2007 Mar 9.
Synthetic musks are found in varying amounts in many consumer products. After use, synthetic musks go down the drain into the sewer system and then reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, mass flows of two synthetic polycyclic musks, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[gamma]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN), along with HHCB-lactone (the oxidation product of HHCB) were examined in two WWTPs. Wastewater and sludge samples were collected at various stages of the treatment process for analysis. HHCB, AHTN, and HHCB-lactone were found in all wastewater samples at concentrations in the ranges of 1780 to 12700, 304 to 2590, and 146 to 4000 ng/L, respectively. The highest concentrations for all compounds were found in sludge samples. Sludge samples contained HHCB at 7.23 to 108 mg/kg dry weight, AHTN at 0.809 to 16.8 mg/kg dry weight, and HHCB-lactone at 3.16 to 22.0 mg/kg dry weight. This is the first study to report HHCB-lactone in wastewater and HHCB, HHCB-lactone, and AHTN in sludge in WWTPs from the United States. HHCB and AHTN concentrations decreased during treatment. However, the concentrations of HHCB-lactone increased in water after treatment. Based on the daily flow rates and mean concentrations of the three compounds in effluent, a WWTP representative of those studied here is expected to release 288 g HHCB, 60.4 g AHTN, and 158 g HHCB-lactone/100,000 people/d. Partitioning HHCB, AHTN, and HHCB-lactone to sludge is the major removal mechanism for polycyclic musks in WWTPs.
在许多消费品中都能发现不同含量的合成麝香。使用后，合成麝香通过下水道进入污水系统，进而到达污水处理厂（WWTPs）。在本研究中，对两种合成多环麝香——1,3,4,6,7,8 - 六氢 - 4,6,6,7,8,8 - 六甲基环戊并[γ] - 2 - 苯并吡喃（HHCB）和7 - 乙酰基 - 1,1,3,4,4,6 - 六甲基 - 1,2,3,4 - 四氢萘（AHTN），以及HHCB - 内酯（HHCB的氧化产物）在两家污水处理厂中的质量流进行了检测。在处理过程的各个阶段采集了废水和污泥样本进行分析。在所有废水样本中均检测到HHCB、AHTN和HHCB - 内酯，其浓度范围分别为1780至12700、304至2590和146至4000 ng/L。所有化合物在污泥样本中的浓度最高。污泥样本中HHCB的含量为7.23至108 mg/kg干重，AHTN为0.8至16.8 mg/kg干重，HHCB - 内酯为3.16至22.0 mg/kg干重。这是首次报道美国污水处理厂废水中的HHCB - 内酯以及污泥中的HHCB、HHCB - 内酯和AHTN的研究。处理过程中HHCB和AHTN的浓度降低。然而，处理后水中HHCB - 内酯的浓度升高。根据这三种化合物在出水的日流量和平均浓度，预计此处研究的典型污水处理厂每10万人/天会释放288 g HHCB、60.4 g AHTN和158 g HHCB - 内酯。HHCB、AHTN和HHCB - 内酯在污泥中的分配是污水处理厂中多环麝香的主要去除机制。
