Reichbart Richard
Faculty, Child and Adolescent Program, Institute for Psychoanalytic Training and Research, USA.
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2006 Fall;54(4):1067-98. doi: 10.1177/00030651060540041701.
King Lear vowed that because he was a man he would rather go mad or die than weep. Many adult male patients in psychoanalysis have just such an internal prohibition against crying, learned individually and often culturally encouraged, a prohibition that affects their ability to process loss, maintain intimacy, and accept vulnerability. It is suggested that the appropriate psychoanalytic role with these patients is to recognize and actively address this culturally supported prohibition. In addition, it is proposed that the prohibition against men crying may be a consequence of male envy of maternal traits and other feminine characteristics. Further, it is suggested that the developmental theory that the male child must "disidentify" with the mother memorializes a phallicism that often invokes the prohibition against crying in men and is itself mistaken.
李尔王发誓，身为男人，他宁愿发疯或死去也不愿哭泣。许多接受精神分析的成年男性患者内心都有这样一种禁止哭泣的观念，这种观念是他们各自习得的，而且往往受到文化的鼓励，它影响着他们处理丧失、维持亲密关系以及接受自身脆弱性的能力。有人认为，对这些患者而言，精神分析的恰当角色是认识并积极应对这种得到文化支持的禁忌。此外，有人提出，禁止男性哭泣可能是男性嫉妒母性特质及其他女性特征的结果。再者，有人认为，男童必须与母亲“脱离认同”的发展理论体现了一种阴茎中心主义，这种观念常常引发对男性哭泣的禁忌，而该理论本身就是错误的。
