Calvert Geoffrey M, Petersen Ann M, Sievert Jennifer, Mehler Louise N, Das Rupali, Harter Lucy C, Romioli Cinzia, Becker Alan, Ball Cynthia, Male Dorilee, Schwartz Abby, Lackovic Michelle
Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2007 Mar-Apr;122(2):232-44. doi: 10.1177/003335490712200213.
This study was conducted to describe the national magnitude and characteristics of acute pesticide poisoning among workers and customers in retail establishments.
Analyses included retail employees 15-64 years of age and customers with acute pesticide poisoning identified from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks-Pesticides (SENSOR-Pesticides) and California Department of Pesticide Regulation from 1998 to 2004. Pesticide poisoning incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated.
A total of 325 cases of acute pesticide poisoning were identified. Of these cases, 287 (88%) were retail employees and 38 (12%) were customers. Overall, retail employees had a significantly lower acute pesticide poisoning incidence rate compared with non-agricultural, non-retail employees (IRR=0.53; 95% confidence interval 0.47, 0.59). However, significantly elevated pesticide poisoning incidence rates were observed for four retail occupations (janitors, stock handlers/baggers, bakery/deli clerks, and shipping/receiving handlers). In addition, workers employed in two retail industry sectors (farm supply stores and hardware stores) had significantly elevated acute pesticide poisoning incidence rates. Incidence rates among the retail employees demonstrated a quadratic trend, monotonically decreasing from 1998 to 2000 and monotonically increasing from 2000 to 2003. The rates appear to have leveled off in 2003 and 2004.
Preventive measures to decrease acute pesticide poisoning incidence in the retail sector include adoption of unbreakable and tear-resistant container requirements, increased utilization of integrated pest management strategies, and advisement to store managers, employees, and customers about poisoning prevention.
本研究旨在描述零售场所工人和顾客急性农药中毒的全国规模及特征。
分析对象包括1998年至2004年从职业风险哨兵事件通报系统 - 农药（SENSOR - 农药）和加利福尼亚州农药监管部门识别出的15至64岁零售员工及急性农药中毒顾客。计算农药中毒发病率和发病率比（IRR）。
共识别出325例急性农药中毒病例。其中，287例（88%）为零售员工，38例（12%）为顾客。总体而言，与非农业、非零售员工相比，零售员工的急性农药中毒发病率显著较低（IRR = 0.53；95%置信区间0.47，0.59）。然而，观察到四个零售职业（门卫、库存处理员/装袋员、面包店/熟食店店员以及运输/收货处理员）的农药中毒发病率显著升高。此外，两个零售行业部门（农资店和五金店）的员工急性农药中毒发病率显著升高。零售员工的发病率呈现二次趋势，从1998年到2000年单调下降，从2000年到2003年单调上升。2003年和2004年发病率似乎趋于平稳。
降低零售部门急性农药中毒发病率的预防措施包括采用防破损和抗撕裂容器要求、增加综合虫害管理策略的应用，以及向商店经理、员工和顾客提供中毒预防建议。
