Boaz R F, Muller C F
Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY) 10036.
Med Care. 1992 Feb;30(2):149-58. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199202000-00006.
Informal caregiving by women, and to a lesser extent by men, is a major source of assistance for the chronically disabled and most dependent older persons living in the community. However, because women's commitment to career employment may diminish, this source of help at the time when (according to demographic trends) the number of very old Americans will increase, the effect of employment on the time they devote to informal caregiving is an important social and economic issue. This study examines two related research questions: 1) how the time allocated to paid work affects the time devoted to unpaid caregiving and 2) how caregiving responsibilities affect work outside the home. The results differ for full-time and part-time work. Estimating a simultaneous equation model, it was found that 1) full-time employment by caregivers reduces the time they allocate to providing unpaid help by 20 hours a week and 2) female caregivers were much less likely than their male counterparts to have full-time jobs. Results also indicate that 1) part-time employment by caregivers has no statistically significant effect on caregiving and 2) caregiving has no effect on women's part-time employment.
女性（男性的程度稍轻）的非正式照料，是社区中慢性残疾和依赖性最强的老年人获得援助的主要来源。然而，由于女性对职业工作的投入可能会减少，而在（根据人口趋势）美国高龄老人数量将会增加的这个时候，这种帮助来源就会减少，因此就业对她们投入非正式照料时间的影响是一个重要的社会和经济问题。本研究考察了两个相关的研究问题：1）分配给有偿工作的时间如何影响投入无偿照料的时间，以及2）照料责任如何影响外出工作。全职工作和兼职工作的结果有所不同。通过估计联立方程模型发现，1）照料者的全职工作使他们每周分配给提供无偿帮助的时间减少了20小时，以及2）女性照料者比男性照料者从事全职工作的可能性要小得多。结果还表明，1）照料者的兼职工作对照料没有统计学上的显著影响，以及2）照料对女性的兼职工作没有影响。
