Zaldívar Maria E, Rocha Oscar, Glander Kenneth E, Aguilar Gabriel, Huertas Ana S, Sánchez Ronald, Wong Grace
Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica.
Rev Biol Trop. 2004 Sep;52(3):679-93. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v1i2.15355.
We examined the association between geographic distribution, ecological traits, life history, genetic diversity, and risk of extinction in nonhuman primate species from Costa Rica. All of the current nonhuman primate species from Costa Rica are included in the study; spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata), capuchins (Cebus capucinus), and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedii). Geographic distribution was characterized accessing existing databases. Data on ecology and life history traits were obtained through a literature review. Genetic diversity was characterized using isozyme electrophoresis. Risk of extinction was assessed from the literature. We found that species differed in all these traits. Using these data, we conducted a Pearson correlation between risk of extinction and ecological and life history traits, and genetic variation, for widely distributed species. We found a negative association between risk of extinction and population birth and growth rates; indicating that slower reproducing species had a greater risk of extinction. We found a positive association between genetic variation and risk of extinction; i.e., species showing higher genetic variation had a greater risk of extinction. The relevance of these traits for conservation efforts is discussed.
我们研究了哥斯达黎加非人类灵长类物种的地理分布、生态特征、生活史、遗传多样性与灭绝风险之间的关联。该研究涵盖了哥斯达黎加目前所有的非人类灵长类物种；蜘蛛猴（黑掌蛛猴）、吼猴（长毛吼猴）、卷尾猴（白喉卷尾猴）和松鼠猴（奥氏松鼠猴）。地理分布通过访问现有数据库来进行描述。生态和生活史特征的数据通过文献综述获取。遗传多样性采用同工酶电泳进行描述。灭绝风险从文献中评估得出。我们发现这些物种在所有这些特征上都存在差异。利用这些数据，我们对广泛分布的物种的灭绝风险与生态和生活史特征以及遗传变异之间进行了皮尔逊相关性分析。我们发现灭绝风险与种群出生率和增长率之间存在负相关；这表明繁殖速度较慢的物种灭绝风险更大。我们发现遗传变异与灭绝风险之间存在正相关；即遗传变异较高的物种灭绝风险更大。文中讨论了这些特征对保护工作的相关性。
