Rodríguez-Matamoros Jorge, Villalobos-Brenes Federico, Gutiérrez-Espeleta Gustavo A
Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN)/CBSG Mesoamerica.
Rev Biol Trop. 2012 Jun;60(2):809-32.
Habitat destruction may cause wildlife population fragmentation and is considered an important factor in small population species extinction. As wildlife populations become smaller, threats to their stability and persistence arise as a result of demographic, environmental and genetic stochastic factors. The aim of this work was to study the effects of population fragmentation on the long term viability of Alouatta palliata and Cebus capucinus populations, at Refugio de Vida Silvestre Privado Nogal, Sarapiquí (RVSPN), Heredia. For this we used the computer software VORTEX to run a population viability analysis (PVA) for both species. The input data of the PVA were taken from the demography structure of the RVSPN, literature sources from the species and from PVA related papers. We evaluated two sets of scenarios: small fragmented populations to reflect the population current state, and one larger and continuous population, to reflect the effect of reforestation actions followed by RVSPN to connect forest fragments. Results suggest that both A. palliata and C. capucinus can survive in isolated forest fragments. However, if different factors as inbreeding depression, catastrophes or habitat loss were incorporated to the scenarios, the small fragmented populations become unstable and the risk of extinction increased for both species. Continuous and larger populations were more robust against the threats incorporated in the scenarios when compared to the current situation of smaller and fragmented populations. The best management option for both species would be to continue reforestation efforts in the area to connect forest fragments, with the result of larger and continuous populations of both species. It is important to continue the observation of both species populations, and to promote a habitat management to reduce the negative effects of stochastic environmental events.
栖息地破坏可能导致野生动物种群碎片化，被认为是小种群物种灭绝的一个重要因素。随着野生动物种群规模变小，由于人口统计学、环境和遗传随机因素，其稳定性和持续性面临威胁。本研究的目的是在埃雷迪亚省萨拉皮卡的诺加尔私人野生动物保护区（RVSPN），研究种群碎片化对长毛吼猴（Alouatta palliata）和白喉卷尾猴（Cebus capucinus）种群长期生存能力的影响。为此，我们使用计算机软件VORTEX对这两个物种进行种群生存力分析（PVA）。PVA的输入数据取自RVSPN的人口结构、该物种的文献资料以及与PVA相关的论文。我们评估了两组情景：小的碎片化种群以反映当前种群状态，以及一个更大的连续种群，以反映RVSPN开展的造林行动连接森林碎片后的效果。结果表明，长毛吼猴和白喉卷尾猴都能在孤立的森林碎片中生存。然而，如果在情景中纳入近亲繁殖衰退、灾难或栖息地丧失等不同因素，小的碎片化种群就会变得不稳定，两个物种的灭绝风险都会增加。与当前较小且碎片化的种群情况相比，连续且更大的种群对情景中所包含的威胁更具抵抗力。对这两个物种来说，最佳管理方案是继续在该地区开展造林工作以连接森林碎片，从而形成两个物种更大且连续的种群。持续观察这两个物种的种群，并促进栖息地管理以减少随机环境事件的负面影响，这一点很重要。
