Granqvist Pehr, Ljungdahl Cecilia, Dickie Jane R
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Attach Hum Dev. 2007 Mar;9(1):55-71. doi: 10.1080/14616730601151458.
God's perceived closeness (GC) is greater when the attachment system is activated. This conclusion is based primarily on adult studies, but some findings suggest its validity also in childhood. Adult studies have shown GC to vary in relation to security of attachment, but child studies have been few and methodologically limited. In this study, we tested differences between securely and insecurely attached children on GC in attachment activating and neutral conditions, as well as whether parental religiousness acted as a moderator. Participants were forty 5-7-year-olds, from non-religious and Christian homes. The adapted Separation Anxiety Test was used to assess attachment. Participating children were told brief stories about visually represented children in different situations, and placed a God symbol on a felt board to represent GC to the fictional child. Results showed that GC was greater in attachment activating situations, particularly for secure children, supporting a hypothesis of internal working model correspondence between models of Self/Others and God. Although a religious type of home emerged as predictive of GC, no support was found for a moderating role of parental religiousness.
当依恋系统被激活时，人们感知到的与上帝的亲近感（GC）会更强。这一结论主要基于针对成年人的研究，但一些研究结果表明其在儿童时期也同样适用。针对成年人的研究显示，GC会因依恋安全性的不同而有所变化，但针对儿童的研究较少且在方法上存在局限性。在本研究中，我们测试了在依恋激活和中性条件下，安全型和不安全型依恋儿童在GC方面的差异，以及父母的宗教信仰是否起到调节作用。研究参与者为40名5至7岁的儿童，他们来自非宗教家庭和基督教家庭。采用改编后的分离焦虑测试来评估依恋情况。研究人员向参与研究的儿童讲述了一些关于不同情境中视觉呈现的儿童的简短故事，并让他们在毛毡板上放置一个上帝符号，以代表与虚构儿童的GC。结果显示，在依恋激活情境中，GC更强，尤其是对于安全型依恋的儿童，这支持了自我/他人模型与上帝模型之间存在内部工作模型对应关系的假设。尽管宗教类型的家庭被证明是GC的预测因素，但未发现父母宗教信仰起到调节作用的证据。
