Slopen Natalie B, Watson Amy C, Gracia Gabriela, Corrigan Patrick W
The University of Chicago Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
J Health Commun. 2007 Jan-Feb;12(1):3-15. doi: 10.1080/10810730601091292.
In this study, we examine newspaper coverage of mental illness in children and adults taken from 6 weeks during a 1-year period. Articles were coded for (1) type of article; (2) types of disorders named or described; (3) themes related to crime, attributions of the disorder, treatments, and critiques of the mental health system; and (4) "elements of responsible journalism," including inclusion of perspectives from mental health experts, statistics related to mental illness, referrals to additional sources of information, and avoidance of slang terminology. We examine how these variables differ by the age of the group discussed in the article: children/adolescents and adults/older adults. One thousand two hundred fifty-two articles were coded for these four clusters as well as age of group discussed in the article. Inter-rater correlations of two independent judges were satisfactory for 10% of the stories. Age group comparisons revealed that the child articles contained a significantly higher proportion of feature articles; were significantly more likely to discuss behavior and conduct disorders, and alcohol and drug abuse, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, and eating disorders, and to contain themes of causation, treatment, and critiques of the mental health system. The adult articles contained a significantly higher proportion of episodic news stories and were significantly more likely to present themes of dangerousness and crime. Our analysis found that child articles were significantly more likely to incorporate elements of responsible journalism, while adult articles were significantly more likely to use stigmatizing terminology. Our report encourages journalists to develop contextually comprehensive and informative presentations of mental illness and issues surrounding the mental health system for all population groups in order to provide readers with accurate information within the context of general social trends and relevant expert opinion.
在本研究中，我们考察了在一年期间选取的6周内报纸对儿童和成人精神疾病的报道。文章按以下方面进行编码：（1）文章类型；（2）提及或描述的疾病类型；（3）与犯罪、疾病归因、治疗以及对心理健康系统的批评相关的主题；（4）“负责任新闻报道的要素”，包括纳入心理健康专家的观点、与精神疾病相关的统计数据、对其他信息来源的引用以及避免使用俚语术语。我们考察这些变量如何因文章中所讨论群体的年龄（儿童/青少年和成人/老年人）而有所不同。对1252篇文章按照这四个类别以及文章中所讨论群体的年龄进行了编码。两位独立评判员之间的评分者间相关性在10%的报道中是令人满意的。年龄组比较显示，儿童相关文章中特写文章的比例显著更高；更有可能讨论行为与品行障碍、酒精和药物滥用、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、焦虑症和饮食失调，并且包含病因、治疗以及对心理健康系统批评的主题。成人相关文章中事件性新闻报道的比例显著更高，并且更有可能呈现危险性和犯罪主题。我们的分析发现，儿童相关文章更有可能纳入负责任新闻报道的要素，而成人相关文章更有可能使用污名化术语。我们的报告鼓励记者针对所有人群，结合一般社会趋势和相关专家意见，对精神疾病及围绕心理健康系统的问题进行全面且信息丰富的报道，以便为读者提供准确信息。
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