DiMario F J
Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030.
Am J Dis Child. 1992 Jan;146(1):125-31. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160130127035.
Childhood breath-holding spells are a common and frightening phenomenon occurring in healthy, otherwise normal children. They have been well recognized for several hundred years. There appear to be two clinical forms: the cyanotic type and the pallid type, referring to the color change exhibited by the child during the episode. Prior research concerning the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in breath-holding spells has implicated an autonomic nervous system dysregulation. Cerebral anoxia is the ultimate factor responsible for the loss of consciousness observed in the severe forms of breath-holding spells. The clinical and epidemiologic aspects of breath-holding spells are herein summarized. The pertinent respiratory and neural physiologic interactions involved are delineated, as well as practical treatment approaches.
儿童屏气发作是一种常见且令人恐惧的现象，发生于健康、其他方面正常的儿童。数百年来，它们已得到充分认识。似乎有两种临床类型：青紫型和苍白型，指的是发作期间儿童出现的颜色变化。先前关于屏气发作潜在病理生理机制的研究表明存在自主神经系统调节异常。脑缺氧是严重形式的屏气发作中导致意识丧失的最终因素。本文总结了屏气发作的临床和流行病学方面。阐述了相关的呼吸和神经生理相互作用以及实际治疗方法。
