Wolff Mary S, Teitelbaum Susan L, Windham Gayle, Pinney Susan M, Britton Julie A, Chelimo Carol, Godbold James, Biro Frank, Kushi Lawrence H, Pfeiffer Christine M, Calafat Antonia M
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Jan;115(1):116-21. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9488.
Hormonally active environmental agents have been measured among U.S. children using exposure biomarkers in urine. However, little is known about their variation by race, age, sex, and geography, and no data exist for newly developed biomarkers.
Our goal was to characterize relevant, prevalent exposures for a study of female pubertal development.
In a pilot study among 90 girls from New York City, New York, Cincinnati, Ohio, and northern California, we measured 25 urinary analytes representing 22 separate agents from three chemical families: phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols. Exposures occur chiefly from the diet and from household or personal care products.
Participants represented four racial/ethnic groups (Asian, black, Hispanic, white), with mean age of 7.77 years. Most analytes were detectable in > 94% of samples. The highest median concentrations for individual analytes in each family were for enterolactone (298 microg/L), monoethylphthalate (MEP; 83.2 microg/L), and benzophenone-3 (BP3; 14.7 microg/L). Few or no data have been reported previously for four metabolites: mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, tridosan, bisphenol A (BPA), and BP3; these were detected in 67-100% of samples with medians of 1.8-53.2 microg/L. After multivariate adjustment, two analytes, enterolactone and BPA, were higher among girls with body mass index < 85th reference percentile than those at or above the 85th percentile. Three phthalate metabolites differed by race/ethnicity [MEP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and mono-3-carboxypropylphthalate].
A wide spectrum of hormonally active exposure biomarkers were detectable and variable among young girls, with high maximal concentrations (> 1,000 microg/L) found for several analytes. They varied by characteristics that may be relevant to development.
在美国儿童中，已使用尿液中的暴露生物标志物对具有激素活性的环境因子进行了测量。然而，对于这些因子在种族、年龄、性别和地域方面的差异了解甚少，而且对于新开发的生物标志物尚无相关数据。
我们的目标是确定与女性青春期发育研究相关的普遍暴露情况。
在一项针对来自纽约市、俄亥俄州辛辛那提市和北加利福尼亚州的90名女孩的试点研究中，我们测量了25种尿液分析物，它们代表来自三个化学家族的22种不同物质：植物雌激素、邻苯二甲酸盐和酚类。暴露主要来自饮食以及家用或个人护理产品。
参与者代表四个种族/族裔群体（亚裔、黑人、西班牙裔、白人），平均年龄为7.77岁。大多数分析物在超过94%的样本中可检测到。每个家族中单个分析物的最高中位数浓度分别为肠内酯（298微克/升）、单乙基邻苯二甲酸酯（MEP；83.2微克/升）和二苯甲酮-3（BP3；14.7微克/升）。之前很少或没有关于四种代谢物的报告数据：单（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）邻苯二甲酸酯、三氯生、双酚A（BPA）和BP3；这些物质在67%-100%的样本中被检测到，中位数为1.8-53.2微克/升。经过多变量调整后，体重指数低于第85百分位参考值的女孩中，肠内酯和BPA这两种分析物的含量高于处于或高于第85百分位的女孩。三种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物在种族/族裔方面存在差异[MEP、单（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯和单-3-羧基丙基邻苯二甲酸酯]。
在年轻女孩中可检测到多种具有激素活性的暴露生物标志物，且存在差异，几种分析物的最大浓度较高（>1000微克/升）。它们因可能与发育相关的特征而有所不同。
