Smoorenburg G F
TNO Institute for Perception, Soesterberg, The Netherlands.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1992 Jan;91(1):421-37. doi: 10.1121/1.402729.
Tone thresholds and speech-reception thresholds were measured in 200 individuals (400 ears) with noise-induced hearing loss. The speech-reception thresholds were measured in a quiet condition and in noise with a speech spectrum at levels of 35, 50, 65, and 80 dBA. The tone audiograms could be described by three principal components: hearing loss in the regions above 3 kHz, from 1 to 3 kHz and below 1 kHz; the speech thresholds could be described by two components: speech reception in quiet and speech reception in noise at 50-80 dBA. Hearing loss above 1 kHz was related to speech reception in noise; hearing loss at and below 1 kHz to speech reception in quiet. The correlation between the speech thresholds in quiet and in noise was only R = 0.45. An adequate predictor of the speech threshold in noise, the primary factor in the hearing handicap, was the pure-tone average at 2 and 4 kHz (PTA2,4, R = 0.72). The minimum value of the prediction error for any tone-audiometric predictor of this speech threshold was 1.2 dB (standard deviation). The prediction could not be improved by taking into account the critical ratio for low-frequency noise nor by its upward spread of masking. The prediction error is due to measurement error and to a factor common to both ears. The latter factor is ascribed to cognitive skill in speech reception. Hearing loss above 10 to 15 dB HL (hearing level) already shows an effect on the speech threshold in noise, a noticeable handicap is found at PTA2,4 = 30 dB HL.
对200名（400只耳朵）患有噪声性听力损失的个体进行了音调阈值和言语接受阈值测量。言语接受阈值在安静条件下以及在噪声环境中进行测量，噪声的言语频谱水平分别为35、50、65和80分贝声级（dBA）。音调听力图可由三个主要成分描述：3千赫兹以上、1至3千赫兹以及1千赫兹以下区域的听力损失；言语阈值可由两个成分描述：安静环境中的言语接受以及50 - 80分贝声级噪声环境中的言语接受。1千赫兹以上的听力损失与噪声环境中的言语接受相关；1千赫兹及以下的听力损失与安静环境中的言语接受相关。安静环境和噪声环境中言语阈值之间的相关性仅为R = 0.45。作为听力障碍主要因素的噪声环境中言语阈值的充分预测指标是2千赫兹和4千赫兹处的纯音平均听阈（PTA2,4，R = 0.72）。对于该言语阈值的任何音调听力测定预测指标，预测误差的最小值为1.2分贝（标准差）。考虑低频噪声的临界比率或其掩蔽的向上扩展并不能改善预测效果。预测误差是由于测量误差以及双耳共有的一个因素所致。后一个因素归因于言语接受中的认知技能。听力损失超过10至15分贝听力级（HL）已对噪声环境中的言语阈值产生影响，当PTA2,4 = 30分贝HL时会发现明显的听力障碍。
