Talhout Reinskje, Opperhuizen Antoon, van Amsterdam Jan G C
Laboratory for Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007 Oct;17(10):627-36. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.02.013. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
This review evaluates the presumed contribution of acetaldehyde to tobacco smoke addiction. In rodents, acetaldehyde induces reinforcing effects, and acts in concert with nicotine. Harman and salsolinol, condensation products of acetaldehyde and biogenic amines, may be responsible for the observed reinforcing effect of acetaldehyde. Harman and salsolinol inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO), and some MAO-inhibitors are known to increase nicotine self-administration and maintain behavioural sensitization to nicotine. Harman is formed in cigarette smoke, and blood harman levels appear to be 2-10 times higher compared to non-smokers. Since harman readily passes the blood-brain barrier and has sufficient MAO-inhibiting potency, it may contribute to the lower MAO-activity observed in the brain of smokers. In contrast, the minor amounts of salsolinol that can be formed in vivo most likely do not contribute to tobacco addiction. Thus, acetaldehyde may increase the addictive potential of tobacco products via the formation of acetaldehyde-biogenic amine adducts in cigarette smoke and/or in vivo, but further research is necessary to substantiate this hypothesis.
本综述评估了乙醛对烟草烟雾成瘾的假定作用。在啮齿动物中，乙醛具有强化作用，并与尼古丁协同发挥作用。哈尔满和四氢哈尔满是乙醛与生物胺的缩合产物，可能是乙醛所观察到的强化作用的原因。哈尔满和四氢哈尔满抑制单胺氧化酶（MAO），并且已知一些MAO抑制剂会增加尼古丁的自我给药量并维持对尼古丁的行为敏化。哈尔满在香烟烟雾中形成，与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者血液中的哈尔满水平似乎高出2至10倍。由于哈尔满很容易通过血脑屏障并且具有足够的MAO抑制效力，它可能导致在吸烟者大脑中观察到的较低的MAO活性。相比之下，体内可能形成的少量四氢哈尔满很可能对烟草成瘾没有作用。因此，乙醛可能通过在香烟烟雾和/或体内形成乙醛 - 生物胺加合物来增加烟草产品的成瘾潜力，但需要进一步研究来证实这一假设。
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