Nutt David, King Leslie A, Saulsbury William, Blakemore Colin
Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Lancet. 2007 Mar 24;369(9566):1047-53. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4.
Drug misuse and abuse are major health problems. Harmful drugs are regulated according to classification systems that purport to relate to the harms and risks of each drug. However, the methodology and processes underlying classification systems are generally neither specified nor transparent, which reduces confidence in their accuracy and undermines health education messages. We developed and explored the feasibility of the use of a nine-category matrix of harm, with an expert delphic procedure, to assess the harms of a range of illicit drugs in an evidence-based fashion. We also included five legal drugs of misuse (alcohol, khat, solvents, alkyl nitrites, and tobacco) and one that has since been classified (ketamine) for reference. The process proved practicable, and yielded roughly similar scores and rankings of drug harm when used by two separate groups of experts. The ranking of drugs produced by our assessment of harm differed from those used by current regulatory systems. Our methodology offers a systematic framework and process that could be used by national and international regulatory bodies to assess the harm of current and future drugs of abuse.
药物滥用和误用是重大的健康问题。有害药物根据旨在关联每种药物的危害和风险的分类系统进行管理。然而,分类系统所依据的方法和过程通常既未明确规定也不透明,这降低了人们对其准确性的信心,并削弱了健康教育信息。我们开发并探讨了使用一个九类危害矩阵,并通过专家德尔菲法程序,以循证方式评估一系列非法药物危害的可行性。我们还纳入了五种误用的合法药物(酒精、巧茶、溶剂、亚硝酸烷基酯和烟草)以及一种后来被分类的药物(氯胺酮)以供参考。该过程证明是可行的,并且当由两组不同的专家使用时,得出的药物危害评分和排名大致相似。我们对危害的评估所产生的药物排名与当前监管系统所使用的排名不同。我们的方法提供了一个系统框架和流程,国家和国际监管机构可利用它来评估当前和未来滥用药物的危害。