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法医人类学与种族概念:如果种族不存在,为什么法医人类学家如此擅长识别它们?

Forensic anthropology and the concept of race: if races don't exist, why are forensic anthropologists so good at identifying them?

作者信息

Sauer N J

机构信息

Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.

出版信息

Soc Sci Med. 1992 Jan;34(2):107-11. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90086-6.

Abstract

Most anthropologists have abandoned the concept of race as a research tool and as a valid representation of human biological diversity. Yet, race identification continues to be one of the central foci of forensic anthropological casework and research. It is maintained in this paper that the successful assignment of race to a skeletal specimen is not a vindication of the race concept, but rather a prediction that an individual, while alive was assigned to a particular socially constructed 'racial' category. A specimen may display features that point to African ancestry. In this country that person is likely to have been labeled Black regardless of whether or not such a race actually exists in nature.

摘要

大多数人类学家已摒弃将种族作为一种研究工具以及作为人类生物多样性有效表征的概念。然而,种族识别仍是法医人类学案例工作和研究的核心焦点之一。本文认为,成功将种族归属于一具骨骼标本并非对种族概念的认可,而是一种预测,即一个人在活着的时候被归为某个特定的社会建构的“种族”类别。一个标本可能显示出指向非洲血统的特征。在这个国家,那个人很可能会被贴上黑人的标签,无论自然界中是否真的存在这样一个种族。

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