Jose-Cunilleras E, Young L E, Newton J R, Marlin D J
Centre for Equine Studies and Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 2006 Aug(36):163-70. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05534.x.
The prevalence and severity of cardiac arrhythmias during exercise in athletic horses presented for poor performance is not well described.
To describe prevalence and severity of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias immediately before, during and immediately after standardised incremental treadmill exercise tests (IET) to fatigue in Thoroughbred horses during investigation of poor performance.
The electrocardiograms (ECG) of 88 Thoroughbred racehorses, judged to be free of significant heart disease or arrhythmia at rest, were used. A modified base-apex ECG was recorded throughout an IET to fatigue. Recordings were analysed independently by 2 observers. Twenty-eight horses were diagnosed with dorsal displacement of the soft palate, 25 had varying degrees of soft palate instability and aryepiglottic fold collapse, 8 had other respiratory problems and, in 27 cases, no definitive diagnosis was reached.
Fifty-five horses had at least one ventricular (VPD) or supraventricular (SVPD) depolarisation, 23 had only VPDs, 17 had only SVPDs and 15 had both in at least one exercise period. Premature depolarisations were seen predominantly during the first min of recovery from IET. The range of premature beats after exercise was 1-30 VPDs, and 1-9 SVPDs. No significant associations were observed between age, sex, race type, diagnosis, peak heart rate or run time to fatigue during IET and occurrence of either > or =1 premature beat or of more severe arrhythmias (multiple singles [>5] or pairs or paroxysms of premature depolarisations during peak exercise or immediately after exercise). However, a larger sample size would be required to have greater confidence in these associations.
Isolated VPDs and SVPDs are frequently detected in poor performing racehorses during IET but their clinical relevance remains to be determined.
The guidelines for interpretation and clinical relevance of premature depolarisations observed during and immediately after treadmill exercise tests in poor performing Thoroughbred racehorses deserves further evaluation.
表现不佳的运动马匹在运动期间心律失常的患病率和严重程度尚未得到充分描述。
描述纯种马在表现不佳的调查过程中，在标准化递增式跑步机运动试验（IET）至疲劳前、运动期间和运动后立即出现的室性和室上性心律失常的患病率和严重程度。
使用了88匹纯种赛马的心电图（ECG），这些马匹在静息时被判定没有明显的心脏病或心律失常。在整个IET至疲劳过程中记录改良的基-尖心电图。记录由2名观察者独立分析。28匹马被诊断为软腭背侧移位，25匹马有不同程度的软腭不稳定和杓会厌襞塌陷，8匹马有其他呼吸问题，27例未得出明确诊断。
55匹马至少有一次室性（VPD）或室上性（SVPD）去极化，23匹马仅有VPD，17匹马仅有SVPD，15匹马在至少一个运动期两者都有。过早去极化主要出现在IET恢复的第一分钟内。运动后过早搏动的范围为1 - 30次VPD和1 - 9次SVPD。在IET期间，年龄、性别、种族类型、诊断、峰值心率或疲劳运行时间与出现≥1次过早搏动或更严重心律失常（多个单发[>5次]或成对或运动峰值或运动后立即出现的过早去极化阵发性发作）之间未观察到显著关联。然而，需要更大的样本量才能对这些关联有更大的信心。
在IET期间，表现不佳的赛马中经常检测到孤立的VPD和SVPD，但其临床相关性仍有待确定。
在表现不佳的纯种赛马跑步机运动试验期间和之后立即观察到的过早去极化的解释指南和临床相关性值得进一步评估。
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