[Molecular mechanism in the differentiation of chondrocytes].

The differentiation of chondocytes is well regulated by the interactions of a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and signal molecules. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and Sry-box 9 (SOX9) , which play important roles in the process of mesenchymal condensations, promote chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation. Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) modulate the rate of cartilage differentiation through the formation of a negative feedback loop. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) inhibits chondrocytes proliferation and enhances their differentiation into the hypertrophic phenotype. Here, we summarize the functions of these molecules and their networks for the differentiation and maturation of chondrocytes.