Heinrich-Weltzien R, Kühnisch J, Goddon I, Senkel H, Stösser L
Poliklinik für Präventive Zahnheilkunde, Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
Gesundheitswesen. 2007 Feb;69(2):105-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-970149.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the changes in dental health in 12- and 15-year-old Turkish immigrants and German students who were included in a school-based caries-preventive programme for ten years (1993-2003). In 1993 352 and 402 12- and 15-year-olds and in 2003 352 and 402 12- and 15-year-olds were investigated, respectively. 23.6% of the 12-year-olds and 21.5% of the 15-year-olds were of Turkish origin. The clinical examination was performed with support of artificial light at school. Caries was diagnosed according to the WHO standard using the DMFT Index for permanent dentition. Within the ten-year period the highest increment of caries-free dentitions was found in 12- and 15-year old Germans attending grammar schools with 41,5% and 27% and secondary modern schools with 22,3% and 17%, respectively. The proportion of caries-free Turkish students attending secondary modern schools, only increased imperceptible in both age groups (1.2%). A significant caries decline of 1.5 DMFT was observed in 12-year old Germans at grammar schools, only. In 15-year olds caries declined in German students at secondary modern schools (2.5 DMFT), and at Grammar schools (2.2 DMFT), significantly, however caries experience in Turkish students remained nearly unchanged (0.3 DMFT). A strong polarisation of dental caries was found in 2003. Among the 12-year-olds 23% of those at secondary modern school accumulated 70% of the total caries experience (>3 DMFT) and at grammar school 9% of students accumulated 76% of the whole amount of caries (>1 DMFT). Among the 15-year-olds 73% of the total caries experience (>3 DMFT) was concentrated in 32% of the students at secondary modern schools, while 25% of the students at grammar schools exhibited 84% of the whole amount of caries (>1 DMFT). Intended concepts in caries prevention in the future should aim to improve dental health especially in Turkish students at secondary modern schools while taking social inequality of this risk group into account.
这项横断面研究的目的是评估参加了一项为期十年（1993 - 2003年）的学校龋齿预防项目的12岁和15岁土耳其移民及德国学生的口腔健康变化。1993年分别对352名12岁学生和402名15岁学生进行了调查，2003年同样分别对352名12岁学生和402名15岁学生进行了调查。12岁学生中有23.6%、15岁学生中有21.5%是土耳其裔。临床检查在学校人工照明的条件下进行。根据世界卫生组织标准，使用恒牙列的DMFT指数诊断龋齿。在这十年期间，发现就读于文理中学的12岁和15岁德国学生中无龋牙列的增幅最高，分别为41.5%和27%，就读于现代中学的分别为22.3%和17%。就读于现代中学的无龋土耳其学生比例在两个年龄组中仅略有增加（1.2%）。仅在就读于文理中学的12岁德国学生中观察到龋均显著下降了1.5。在15岁学生中，就读于现代中学的德国学生龋均显著下降（2.5），就读于文理中学的也显著下降（2.2），然而土耳其学生的龋经验几乎没有变化（0.3）。2003年发现龋齿情况存在强烈的两极分化。在12岁学生中，现代中学23%的学生积累了70%的总龋经验（>3 DMFT），在文理中学9%的学生积累了76%的总龋量（>1 DMFT）。在15岁学生中，73%的总龋经验（>3 DMFT）集中在现代中学32%的学生中，而文理中学25%的学生表现出84%的总龋量（>1 DMFT）。未来龋齿预防的预期理念应旨在改善口腔健康，尤其是现代中学的土耳其学生，同时考虑到这个风险群体的社会不平等问题。
