Collyer Sally, Davis Pamela J, Thorpe C William, Callaghan Jean
National Voice Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 Mar;121(3):1728-36. doi: 10.1121/1.2436639.
The messa di voce, in its pure form a crescendo and decrescendo on one note, has been revered for centuries in classical singing, but the pedagogical assumptions of linearity and symmetry have received little critical assessment, especially across a wide fundamental frequency (F0) range. Five trained female classical singers performed a total of 318 messe di voce across their musical F0 range to identify its acoustical characteristics and the influence of F0. Sound pressure level (SPL) range was generally greater during crescendo at higher F0's and during decrescendo at lower FO's. Change in SPL during the messa di voce was predominantly nonlinear, and the shape of the SPL traces differed greatly between crescendo and decrescendo. Nonlinearity in SPL change was not related to SPL range but did show a F0 influence in decrescendo. Change in spectral balance (0-2 vs. 2-4 kHz) with respect to SPL change showed markedly more symmetry than linearity, so that changes in the mode of phonation during the messa di voce were dependent upon SPL regardless of whether the singer was in crescendo or decrescendo. Perceptual and physiological implications are discussed.
在古典演唱中，“美声渐强渐弱”（messa di voce）以其纯粹形式在一个音符上渐强和渐弱，几个世纪以来一直备受推崇，但线性和对称性的教学假设几乎没有受到批判性评估，尤其是在较宽的基频（F0）范围内。五名训练有素的女性古典歌手在其音乐F0范围内总共进行了318次“美声渐强渐弱”演唱，以确定其声学特征和F0的影响。在较高F0的渐强过程中以及较低F0的渐弱过程中，声压级（SPL）范围通常更大。“美声渐强渐弱”过程中SPL的变化主要是非线性的，并且渐强和渐弱过程中SPL轨迹的形状差异很大。SPL变化的非线性与SPL范围无关，但在渐弱过程中确实显示出F0的影响。相对于SPL变化的频谱平衡（0 - 2千赫与2 - 4千赫）变化显示出明显更多的对称性而非线性，因此在“美声渐强渐弱”过程中发声模式的变化取决于SPL，无论歌手是在渐强还是渐弱。文中讨论了其感知和生理方面的影响。
