Elder Keith, Xirasagar Sudha, Miller Nancy, Bowen Shelly Ann, Glover Saundra, Piper Crystal
Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2007 Apr;97 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S124-9. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.100867. Epub 2007 Apr 5.
We examined the psychosocial and personal factors that influenced African Americans' decision not to evacuate New Orleans, La, before Hurricane Katrina's landfall.
We conducted 6 focus groups with 53 African Americans from New Orleans who were evacuated to Columbia, SC, within 2 months of Hurricane Katrina.
The major themes identified related to participants' decision to not evacuate were as follows: (1) perceived susceptability, including optimism about the outcome because of riding out past hurricanes at home and religious faith; (2) perceived severity of the hurricane because of inconsistent evacuation orders; (3) barriers because of financial constraints and neighborhood crime; and (4) perceived racism and inequities.
Federal, state, and local government disaster preparedness plans should specify criteria for timely evacuation orders, needed resources, and their allocation (including a decentralized distribution system for cash or vouchers for gas and incidentals during evacuation) and culturally sensitive logistic planning for the evacuation of minority, low-income, and underserved communities. Perceptions of racism and inequities warrant further investigation.
我们研究了影响非裔美国人在卡特里娜飓风登陆前未撤离路易斯安那州新奥尔良市的社会心理和个人因素。
我们对来自新奥尔良的53名非裔美国人进行了6次焦点小组访谈，这些人在卡特里娜飓风过后的2个月内被疏散到南卡罗来纳州的哥伦比亚市。
与参与者未撤离的决定相关的主要主题如下：（1）感知易感性，包括因在家经历过飓风且有宗教信仰而对结果持乐观态度；（2）由于疏散命令不一致而感知到的飓风严重性；（3）因经济限制和社区犯罪造成的障碍；（4）感知到的种族主义和不公平现象。
联邦、州和地方政府的灾难准备计划应明确及时发布疏散命令的标准、所需资源及其分配（包括用于疏散期间现金或汽油及杂费代金券的分散式分配系统），以及针对少数族裔、低收入和服务不足社区疏散的具有文化敏感性的后勤规划。对种族主义和不公平现象的认知值得进一步调查。
