AIDS. 2007 Apr;21 Suppl 2:S59-68. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000266458.49138.fa.
To describe the community popular opinion leader (C-POL) intervention employed in the NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial, including its theoretical, conceptual, and empirical basis, intervention procedures and methods, core elements, and how its content was culturally tailored to address the needs of varied populations.
The programme is designed to identify, recruit, train, and intensively engage C-POLs of a target population to convey HIV risk reduction messages to people in their communities, with the intention of reducing high-risk behavior at a population level.
Based on the diffusion of innovation theory, the intervention identified, trained, and engaged C-POL within a high-risk community population to advocate, recommend, and endorse the importance of safer behavior to other members of the same population. Nine core elements of the intervention are discussed. Data collected during rapid ethnography were used to adapt the content of the intervention for food market owners and workers in China, male patrons of wine shops and at-risk women congregating nearby in India, young people in social gathering venues in Peruvian barrios, dormitory students in Russia, and people congregating in commercial areas of growth points in Zimbabwe.
The C-POL intervention model taps into community strengths, altruism, and people's desire to do something to help fight against AIDS. With few exceptions, C-POLs participated enthusiastically in the training sessions and reported having conversations in the community.
Rapid ethnography can be used to tailor an intervention to diverse settings while maintaining fidelity to the core elements of the intervention.
描述美国国立精神卫生研究所（NIMH）艾滋病病毒/性传播疾病预防合作试验中采用的社区大众意见领袖（C-POL）干预措施，包括其理论、概念和实证基础、干预程序与方法、核心要素，以及如何根据文化背景调整干预内容以满足不同人群的需求。
该项目旨在识别、招募、培训并深度参与目标人群的社区大众意见领袖，以便向其社区成员传递降低艾滋病病毒感染风险的信息，从而在人群层面减少高危行为。
基于创新扩散理论，该干预措施在高危社区人群中识别、培训并参与社区大众意见领袖，使其向同一人群的其他成员倡导、推荐并认可更安全行为的重要性。文中讨论了该干预措施的九个核心要素。在快速人种志研究过程中收集的数据被用于为中国的食品市场摊主和工人、印度酒类商店的男性顾客以及在附近聚集的高危女性、秘鲁社区社交场所的年轻人、俄罗斯的住校学生以及津巴布韦增长点商业区聚集的人群调整干预内容。
社区大众意见领袖干预模式利用了社区的优势、利他主义以及人们想要为抗击艾滋病贡献力量的愿望。几乎毫无例外，社区大众意见领袖都积极参与了培训课程，并表示在社区中进行了相关交流。
快速人种志可用于针对不同环境调整干预措施，同时保持对干预核心要素的忠实度。
