Manole Mioara D, Saladino Richard A
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2583, USA.
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007 Mar;23(3):176-85; quiz 186-9. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e318032904c.
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common tachyarrhythmia that necessitates treatment in children. It is characterized by a rapid and regular heart rate, which generally exceeds 180 beats per minute in children and 220 beats per minute in adolescents. Supraventricular tachycardia results from conduction of electrical impulses along an accessory connection from the atrium to the ventricle (atrioventricular reentry tachycardias: orthodromic or antidromic) or conduction within the atrioventricular node (atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia). Emergency department management of SVT depends on the patient's clinical status. Treatment of a stable patient with SVT includes vagal maneuvers and adenosine, whereas treatment of an unstable patient requires synchronized cardioversion. This article presents an overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of SVT and discusses the emergency department management of an infant or child with SVT.
室上性心动过速（SVT）是儿童中最常见的需要治疗的快速性心律失常。其特征为心率快速且规则，儿童的心率通常超过每分钟180次，青少年则超过每分钟220次。室上性心动过速是由电冲动沿从心房到心室的附加连接传导（房室折返性心动过速：正向或逆向）或在房室结内传导（房室结折返性心动过速）所致。急诊科对室上性心动过速的处理取决于患者的临床状况。对稳定的室上性心动过速患者的治疗包括迷走神经手法和腺苷，而对不稳定患者的治疗则需要同步心脏复律。本文概述了室上性心动过速的病因、病理生理学和临床表现，并讨论了急诊科对患有室上性心动过速的婴儿或儿童的处理。
