Ganjyal G, Fang Q, Hanna M A
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Biological Systems Engineering 211 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA.
Bioresour Technol. 2007 Nov;98(15):2814-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.042. Epub 2007 Apr 9.
Deicers from renewable resources are needed to overcome the disadvantages of using traditional deicers. Salts made from levulinic acid produced using grain sorghum as raw material were tested as road deicing agents. Freezing points of these salts viz., sodium levulinate, magnesium levulinate and calcium levulinate along with rock salt (sodium chloride) were determined according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 1177-94 standard at concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 % w/w. There were significant differences among the freezing points of the salts. Freezing points for rock salt, sodium levulinate, calcium levulinate and magnesium levulinate, for different concentrations, were in the ranges of -6.6 to -20.5, -2.9 to -15.0, -2.1 to -7.8 and -1.5 to -6.5 degrees C, respectively. Deicing effectiveness of the salts of levulinic acid were investigated by conducting small-scale deicing tests with aqueous solutions of various salt concentrations (2%, 5% and 10%) in a laboratory freezer and by spraying the deicer on a graveled surface covered by ice and snow with the average temperature during the testing at -2.7 degrees C. Deicing capabilities of the three salts of levulinic acid differed. At -2.7 degrees C, all three salts caused melting of the ice. Among the different levulinates studied sodium levulinate was the most effective deicing agent. These salts of levulinates could be a viable replacement for traditional deicers and could help in reducing the disadvantages of traditional deicers.
需要可再生资源制成的除冰剂来克服使用传统除冰剂的缺点。对以高粱为原料生产的乙酰丙酸制成的盐类进行了道路除冰剂测试。按照美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）D 1177-94标准，测定了这些盐（即乙酰丙酸钠、乙酰丙酸镁和乙酰丙酸钙）以及岩盐（氯化钠）在10%、20%、30%和40%（w/w）浓度下的冰点。这些盐的冰点之间存在显著差异。不同浓度下，岩盐、乙酰丙酸钠、乙酰丙酸钙和乙酰丙酸镁的冰点范围分别为-6.6至-20.5℃、-2.9至-15.0℃、-2.1至-7.8℃和-1.5至-6.5℃。通过在实验室冷冻箱中对不同盐浓度（2%、5%和10%）的水溶液进行小规模除冰试验，以及在平均温度为-2.7℃的冰雪覆盖的砾石表面喷洒除冰剂，研究了乙酰丙酸的盐类的除冰效果。乙酰丙酸的三种盐的除冰能力有所不同。在-2.7℃时，所有三种盐都能使冰融化。在所研究的不同乙酰丙酸盐中，乙酰丙酸钠是最有效的除冰剂。这些乙酰丙酸盐可以成为传统除冰剂的可行替代品，并有助于减少传统除冰剂的缺点。
