Hartman B O, Secrist G E
U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks Air Force Base, TX 78235-5301.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1991 Nov;62(11):1084-9.
Superior situational awareness, an extraordinary awareness of the total flight environment and aerial combat situation, is a significant contributor to success in aerial engagement. Review of over 1,000 published sources has led to the formulation of situational awareness as being principally in the cognitive domain. Superior awareness involves exceptional sensitivity to performance-critical cues in the operational environment, an exceptional capacity to anticipate changes in system states and operational conditions, and the ability to act on those changes in a proactive mode. Three important constructs are described: 1) automatic information processing; 2) near-threshold processing; and 3) skilled memory. In combination, they constitute a pilot attribute which uniquely facilitates the full armamentarium of skills and abilities of the superior tactical pilot.
卓越的态势感知，即对整个飞行环境和空战态势的非凡认知，是空中交战取得成功的重要因素。对1000多篇已发表资料的回顾促使将态势感知主要界定为认知领域。卓越的态势感知包括对作战环境中关键性能线索的超常敏感度、预测系统状态和作战条件变化的超常能力，以及以主动模式对这些变化采取行动的能力。文中描述了三个重要概念：1）自动信息处理；2）近阈处理；3）熟练记忆。这些概念共同构成了一种飞行员特质，独特地促进了卓越战术飞行员的全部技能和能力。
