Sloutsky Vladimir M, Kloos Heidi, Fisher Anna V
Center for Cognitive Science, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2007 Feb;18(2):179-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01869.x.
The goal of this research was to examine mechanisms underlying early induction--specifically, the relation between induction and categorization. Some researchers argue that even early in development, induction is based on category-membership information, whereas others argue that early induction is based primarily on similarity. Children 4 and 5 years of age participated in two types of tasks: categorization and induction. Both tasks were performed with artificial animal-like categories in which appearance was pitted against category membership. Although the children readily acquired category-membership information and subsequently used this information in categorization tasks, they ignored category membership during the induction task, relying instead on the appearance of items. These results support the idea that early in development, induction is similarity based.
本研究的目的是探究早期归纳背后的机制——具体而言，是归纳与分类之间的关系。一些研究者认为，即使在发展早期，归纳也是基于类别成员信息的，而另一些研究者则认为早期归纳主要基于相似性。4岁和5岁的儿童参与了两种类型的任务：分类和归纳。这两种任务都是使用类似动物的人工类别进行的，在这些类别中，外观与类别成员身份形成了对比。尽管孩子们很容易获取类别成员信息，并随后在分类任务中使用了这些信息，但他们在归纳任务中忽略了类别成员身份，而是依赖于项目的外观。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即在发展早期，归纳是基于相似性的。
