Hayes Brett K, McKinnon Rachel, Sweller Naomi
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Dev Psychol. 2008 Sep;44(5):1430-41. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.5.1430.
Three studies examined the development of category-based induction using an induction then recognition (ITR) procedure in which participants make category-based predictions about study items and are then given a surprise recognition test that requires discrimination between old and new category members. Exposure duration for study items was either self-paced (Experiment 1) or fixed for 5-year-olds and adults (Experiments 2a-b). Adults always showed a decrement in recognition performance following induction. Children showed the same decrement when exposure duration was equated across age groups. These results show that both young children and adults spontaneously access category-level information during induction. When study exposure time is self-paced, however, children may process additional, noncategorical aspects of study stimuli.
三项研究使用先归纳后识别（ITR）程序检验了基于类别的归纳发展，在该程序中，参与者对研究项目进行基于类别的预测，然后进行一项意外的识别测试，该测试要求区分旧的和新的类别成员。研究项目的曝光时长要么是自定节奏的（实验1），要么对5岁儿童和成年人是固定的（实验2a - b）。成年人在归纳后识别表现总是会下降。当各年龄组的曝光时长相等时，儿童也表现出同样的下降。这些结果表明，幼儿和成年人在归纳过程中都会自发地获取类别层面的信息。然而，当研究曝光时间是自定节奏时，儿童可能会处理研究刺激的其他非类别方面的信息。
