Brust-Mascher Ingrid, Scholey Jonathan M
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Int Rev Cytol. 2007;259:139-72. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7696(06)59004-7.
Mitosis, the process by which the replicated chromosomes are segregated equally into daughter cells, has been studied for over a century. Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal organism for this research. Drosophila embryos are well suited to image mitosis, because during cycles 10-13 nuclei divide rapidly at the surface of the embryo, but mitotic cells during larval stages and spermatocytes are also used for the study of mitosis. Drosophila can be easily maintained, many mutant stocks exist, and transgenic flies expressing mutated or fluorescently labeled proteins can be made. In addition, the genome has been completed and RNA interference can be used in Drosophila tissue culture cells. Here, we review our current understanding of spindle dynamics, looking at the experiments and quantitative modeling on which it is based. Many molecular players in the Drosophila mitotic spindle are similar to those in mammalian spindles, so findings in Drosophila can be extended to other organisms.
有丝分裂是将复制后的染色体平均分配到子细胞中的过程，对此的研究已有一个多世纪。黑腹果蝇是这项研究的理想生物。果蝇胚胎非常适合用于有丝分裂成像，因为在第10 - 13个细胞周期期间，细胞核在胚胎表面快速分裂，但幼虫阶段的有丝分裂细胞和精母细胞也用于有丝分裂研究。果蝇易于饲养，有许多突变品系，并且可以制备表达突变或荧光标记蛋白的转基因果蝇。此外，其基因组已完成测序，RNA干扰可用于果蝇组织培养细胞。在此，我们回顾一下我们目前对纺锤体动力学的理解，看看其基于的实验和定量模型。果蝇有丝分裂纺锤体中的许多分子参与者与哺乳动物纺锤体中的相似，因此在果蝇中的发现可以推广到其他生物体。
