Scharsack Jörn P, Kalbe Martin, Harrod Chris, Rauch Gisep
Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2007 Jun 22;274(1617):1523-32. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0210.
Freshwater populations of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in northern Germany are found as distinct lake and river ecotypes. Adaptation to habitat-specific parasites might influence immune capabilities of stickleback ecotypes. Here, naive laboratory-bred sticklebacks from lake and river populations were exposed reciprocally to parasite environments in a lake and a river habitat. Sticklebacks exposed to lake conditions were infected with higher numbers of parasite species when compared with the river. River sticklebacks in the lake had higher parasite loads than lake sticklebacks in the same habitat. Respiratory burst, granulocyte counts and lymphocyte proliferation of head kidney leucocytes were increased in river sticklebacks exposed to lake when compared with river conditions. Although river sticklebacks exposed to lake conditions showed elevated activation of their immune system, parasites could not be diminished as effectively as by lake sticklebacks in their native habitat. River sticklebacks seem to have reduced their immune-competence potential due to lower parasite diversity in rivers.
在德国北部，三刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）的淡水种群分为不同的湖泊型和河流型生态型。对特定栖息地寄生虫的适应可能会影响三刺鱼生态型的免疫能力。在这里，将来自湖泊和河流种群的实验室培育的未感染过寄生虫的三刺鱼相互置于湖泊和河流栖息地的寄生虫环境中。与河流环境相比，暴露于湖泊环境中的三刺鱼感染的寄生虫种类更多。在湖泊中的河流型三刺鱼比同一栖息地的湖泊型三刺鱼寄生虫负荷更高。与处于河流环境相比，暴露于湖泊环境中的河流型三刺鱼头肾白细胞的呼吸爆发、粒细胞计数和淋巴细胞增殖增加。尽管暴露于湖泊环境中的河流型三刺鱼显示出其免疫系统的激活增强，但寄生虫的减少效果不如其原生栖息地的湖泊型三刺鱼。由于河流中寄生虫多样性较低，河流型三刺鱼似乎降低了其免疫能力潜力。
