Cunha I, Mangas-Ramirez E, Guilhermino L
CIIMAR- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Rua dos Bragas 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 May;145(4):648-57. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.02.014. Epub 2007 Mar 3.
With the view of using Nucella lapillus and Monodonta lineata as bioindicators in biomonitoring programs in the NW coast of Portugal, the sensitivity to copper and cadmium of these two common species in Atlantic coasts of Europe was investigated. Assays based on mortality and on the activity of the enzymes cholinesterases (ChE) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were used, as these biomarkers have been used in biomonitoring studies in the area. ChEs present in foot muscle of both species were characterised and found to show properties of both typical acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase. Cadmium LC50s for N. lapillus and M. lineata were 2.64 and 2.44 mg/L, respectively, while the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 1.53 mg/L for both species. LOEC value for cooper was 0.075 mg/L for both. Cadmium in vivo exposure increased ChE activity of N. lapillus, but had no effects on M. lineata ChE. No in vitro effects of cadmium on ChE activity of any of the tested species was observed. Copper had no significant in vivo effects on ChE activity, although it inhibited the ChE of both species in vitro, the IC50s being 5.87 and 12.17 mg/L for N. lapillus and M. lineata, respectively. Cadmium had no significant effects on GST activity of either species, while copper caused a significant reduction of N. lapillus GST (LOEC=0.044 mg/L) but had no effect on M. lineata GST. Results indicate that (i) N. lapillus and M. lineata have a similar acute sensitivity to cadmium and copper; (ii) ChE and GST of these species are sensitive to cadmium (iii) ChEs of both species are inhibited by copper at concentrations in the mg/L range and therefore, its use is limited to heavily polluted sites; (iv) N. lapillus GST does not seem to be a suitable biomarker for copper, at least in the range of concentrations tested, since it was inhibited by copper, but no clear concentration-response relationship was observed.
为了将欧洲滨螺（Nucella lapillus）和条纹单齿螺（Monodonta lineata）用作葡萄牙西北海岸生物监测项目中的生物指示物，研究了这两种欧洲大西洋海岸常见物种对铜和镉的敏感性。采用了基于死亡率以及胆碱酯酶（ChE）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性的检测方法，因为这些生物标志物已用于该地区的生物监测研究。对这两种物种足部肌肉中的ChEs进行了表征，发现其具有典型乙酰胆碱酯酶和假性胆碱酯酶的特性。欧洲滨螺和条纹单齿螺的镉半数致死浓度（LC50）分别为2.64和2.44 mg/L，而两种物种的最低观察效应浓度（LOEC）均为1.53 mg/L。两种物种的铜LOEC值均为0.075 mg/L。镉的体内暴露增加了欧洲滨螺的ChE活性，但对条纹单齿螺的ChE没有影响。未观察到镉对任何受试物种ChE活性的体外效应。铜对ChE活性没有显著的体内效应，尽管它在体外抑制了两种物种的ChE，欧洲滨螺和条纹单齿螺的半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为5.87和12.17 mg/L。镉对两种物种的GST活性均无显著影响，而铜导致欧洲滨螺的GST显著降低（LOEC = 0.044 mg/L），但对条纹单齿螺的GST没有影响。结果表明：（i）欧洲滨螺和条纹单齿螺对镉和铜具有相似的急性敏感性；（ii）这些物种的ChE和GST对镉敏感；（iii）两种物种的ChEs在毫克/升浓度范围内会受到铜的抑制，因此，它仅适用于污染严重的地点；（iv）欧洲滨螺的GST似乎不是铜的合适生物标志物，至少在所测试的浓度范围内是这样，因为它受到铜的抑制，但未观察到明确的浓度-反应关系。
