Pipkin Matthew E, Lieberman Judy
CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2007 Jun;19(3):301-8. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.04.011. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
Killer lymphocytes release perforin and granzymes from cytotoxic granules into the immunological synapse to destroy target cells as a critical mechanism in the defense against viruses and cancer. Perforin, a Ca(2+)-dependent pore-forming protein that multimerizes in membranes, delivers granzymes into the target cell cytosol. The original model for perforin (acting by forming a cell membrane channel through which granzymes pass) does not fit the experimental data. Recently, an alternative model has been proposed that involves active target cell collaboration with perforin to deliver granzymes and direct the target cell to an apoptotic, rather than necrotic, death.
杀伤性淋巴细胞将穿孔素和颗粒酶从细胞毒性颗粒释放到免疫突触中，以破坏靶细胞，这是抵御病毒和癌症的关键机制。穿孔素是一种依赖钙离子的成孔蛋白，可在膜中形成多聚体，将颗粒酶递送至靶细胞胞质溶胶中。最初的穿孔素模型（通过形成供颗粒酶通过的细胞膜通道起作用）并不符合实验数据。最近，有人提出了一种替代模型，该模型涉及靶细胞与穿孔素的主动协作，以递送颗粒酶并将靶细胞导向凋亡而非坏死性死亡。
