van Hal Sebastiaan J, Stark Damien J, Fotedar Rashmi, Marriott Debbie, Ellis John T, Harkness Jock L
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW.
Med J Aust. 2007 Apr 16;186(8):412-6. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb00975.x.
Entamoeba histolytica is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide, infecting about 50 million people and resulting in 40,000-100,000 deaths a year. In Australia, people at risk of infection include immigrants, travellers returning from countries of high endemicity, Indigenous people, and men who have sex with men. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic carriage to invasive disease. Amoebic colitis and amoebic liver abscess are the most common invasive manifestations observed in Australia. Diagnosis depends on a high index of suspicion and laboratory investigations. Molecular methods (using the polymerase chain reaction) are the most sensitive for identifying and differentiating Entamoeba species. Treatment should always include a luminal agent to eradicate colonisation, prevent spread and/or reduce the risk of invasive disease. Medical therapy can successfully cure invasive disease, including amoebic liver abscesses.
溶组织内阿米巴是全球最常见的寄生虫感染之一，感染人数约达5000万，每年导致4万至10万人死亡。在澳大利亚，有感染风险的人群包括移民、从高流行率国家返回的旅行者、原住民以及男男性行为者。临床表现从无症状携带到侵袭性疾病不等。阿米巴结肠炎和阿米巴肝脓肿是澳大利亚最常见的侵袭性表现。诊断依赖于高度的怀疑指数和实验室检查。分子方法（使用聚合酶链反应）在识别和区分阿米巴物种方面最为敏感。治疗应始终包括一种腔道药物，以根除定植、防止传播和/或降低侵袭性疾病的风险。药物治疗能够成功治愈侵袭性疾病，包括阿米巴肝脓肿。
