Peroxisomal proteomic approach for protein profiling in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to crude oil.

Peroxisomal proteomic protein profiles of exposure to marine pollution have been recently introduced in biomonitoring experiments. However, laboratory experiments to study the independent effect of common pollutants are needed to define a minimal protein expression signature (PES) of exposure to a specific pollutant. The aim of this study was to obtain PESs in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to two different crude oil mixtures for future application in biomonitoring areas affected by oil spills. In the study, peroxisome-enriched fractions from digestive gland of M. edulis (L., 1758) were analysed by two-dimensional fluorescence difference electrophoresis (DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) after 3 weeks of exposure to crude oil mixtures: crude oil or crude oil spiked with alkylated phenols (AP) and extra polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a laboratory flow-through system. A minimal PES composed by 13 protein spots and unique PESs of exposure to the two different mixtures were identified. A total of 22 spots from the two-dimensional maps that had shown a significant increase or decrease in abundance in each of the exposed groups exposed were analysed. The hierarchical clustering analysis succeeded in discriminating the exposed groups from the control groups based on the unique PES. The PESs obtained were consistent with protein patterns obtained in previous field experiments. The results suggest that the protein profiles obtained by peroxisomal proteomics could be used to assess oil exposure in marine pollution assessments.