Gregory-Mercado Karen Y, Staten Lisa K, Gillespie Cathleen, Ranger-Moore James, Thomson Cynthia A, Giuliano Anna R, Will Julie C, Ford Earl S, Marshall James
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007 Apr;16(3):379-89. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2006.M078.
Diet quality and risks of chronic disease have been identified, yet nutrient intakes from older uninsured populations have been scarcely described.
Using the dietary intake profiles of an older, uninsured, and mostly Hispanic sample of Arizona WISEWOMAN participants, two ethnic groups were compared: Mexican American and non-Hispanic white women. Sociodemographic data related to nutrient intakes were identified. Estimated mean nutrient intakes of Mexican Americans (n = 260) and non-Hispanic white (n = 88) women were compared based on ethnicity and acculturation levels. Using linear regression models, associations of individual characteristics were made on nutrients for which reported intakes were less than the estimated average requirement (EAR).
Mexican Americans had energy, vitamin E, and niacin intakes that were significantly lower than those of non-Hispanic whites, whereas vitamin A intake was significantly higher among Mexican Americans. Less acculturated Mexican American women had significantly higher intakes of vitamin E and folate than their more acculturated counterparts. For both ethnic and acculturation groups, intakes of vitamin E, calcium, and potassium were lower than the established standards in more than 70% of this population. Having a high body mass index (BMI) was associated with lower reported energy intake and higher protein and potassium intakes, and smoking was associated with lower intakes of vitamin E and folate.
Mexican American women had overall lower micronutrient intakes compared with uninsured non-Hispanic white older women; this difference may be attributed to their underreporting intake.
饮食质量与慢性病风险已得到确认，但老年未参保人群的营养素摄入量却鲜有描述。
利用亚利桑那州WISEWOMAN项目中年龄较大、未参保且主要为西班牙裔的样本的饮食摄入概况，对两个种族群体进行了比较：墨西哥裔美国女性和非西班牙裔白人女性。确定了与营养素摄入相关的社会人口统计学数据。根据种族和文化适应水平，比较了墨西哥裔美国人（n = 260）和非西班牙裔白人（n = 88）女性的估计平均营养素摄入量。使用线性回归模型，对报告摄入量低于估计平均需求量（EAR）的营养素进行个体特征关联分析。
墨西哥裔美国人的能量、维生素E和烟酸摄入量显著低于非西班牙裔白人，而墨西哥裔美国人的维生素A摄入量显著更高。文化适应程度较低的墨西哥裔美国女性比文化适应程度较高的女性维生素E和叶酸摄入量显著更高。对于种族和文化适应群体，超过70%的人群维生素E、钙和钾的摄入量低于既定标准。高体重指数（BMI）与报告的能量摄入量较低、蛋白质和钾摄入量较高相关，吸烟与维生素E和叶酸摄入量较低相关。
与未参保的非西班牙裔白人老年女性相比，墨西哥裔美国女性的微量营养素总体摄入量较低；这种差异可能归因于她们对摄入量的低报。
