Ayala Guadalupe X, Baquero Barbara, Klinger Sylvia
Division of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Aug;108(8):1330-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.05.009.
Dietary intake is an important determinant of obesity and numerous chronic health conditions. A healthful diet is an essential component of chronic disease self-management. Researchers have indicated that the healthfulness of the Latino diet deteriorates during the acculturation process. However, given the many operationalizations of acculturation, conclusive evidence regarding this relationship is still lacking. This comprehensive and systematic literature review examines the relationship between acculturation and diet by examining national, quantitative, and qualitative studies involving Latinos living in the United States. Studies of diet included those that examined dietary intake using one of several validated measures (eg, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall, or dietary screener) and/or dietary behaviors (eg, away-from-home-eating and fat avoidance). Articles were identified through two independent searches yielding a final sample of 34 articles. Articles were abstracted by two independent reviewers and inter-rater reliability was assessed. Analyses examined the extent to which various measures of acculturation (ie, acculturation score, years in the United States, birthplace, generational status, and language use) were associated with macronutrient intake, micronutrient intake, and dietary behaviors. Several relationships were consistent irrespective of how acculturation was measured: no relationship with intake of dietary fat and percent energy from fat; the less vs more acculturated consumed more fruit, rice, beans, and less sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages. Additional observed relationships depended on the measure of acculturation used in the study. These findings suggest a differential influence of acculturation on diet, requiring greater specificity in our dietary interventions by acculturation status.
饮食摄入是肥胖及众多慢性健康问题的一个重要决定因素。健康饮食是慢性病自我管理的一个重要组成部分。研究人员指出，拉丁裔饮食的健康程度在文化适应过程中会下降。然而，鉴于文化适应有多种操作定义，关于这种关系的确凿证据仍然缺乏。这项全面而系统的文献综述通过审视涉及居住在美国的拉丁裔的全国性、定量和定性研究，来考察文化适应与饮食之间的关系。饮食研究包括那些使用几种经过验证的测量方法之一（如食物频率问卷、24小时饮食回顾或饮食筛查工具）和/或饮食行为（如外出就餐和避免脂肪摄入）来检查饮食摄入的研究。通过两次独立检索确定了相关文章，最终样本为34篇文章。由两名独立评审员对文章进行摘要，并评估评分者间信度。分析考察了文化适应的各种测量指标（即文化适应得分、在美国居住的年限、出生地、代际地位和语言使用情况）与常量营养素摄入、微量营养素摄入和饮食行为之间的关联程度。无论文化适应如何测量，几种关系都是一致的：与膳食脂肪摄入量及脂肪提供的能量百分比无关；文化适应程度较低者与较高者相比，摄入更多的水果、大米、豆类，摄入更少的糖和含糖饮料。其他观察到的关系则取决于研究中所使用的文化适应测量指标。这些发现表明文化适应对饮食有不同的影响，这就要求我们在饮食干预中根据文化适应状况提高针对性。
