Kramer Joel H, Quitania Lovingly, Dean David, Neuhaus John, Rosen Howard J, Halabi Cathra, Weiner Michael W, Magnotta Vincent A, Delis Dean C, Miller Bruce L
Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2007 May;13(3):386-92. doi: 10.1017/S1355617707070567.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between lobar volumes and set shifting. We studied 101 subjects, including 36 normal controls, 16 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, 30 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 19 patients with semantic dementia (SD), using a shifting paradigm that carefully controlled for component abilities. Subjects were administered two conditions of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Design Fluency Test. In the control condition (DF:Control), examinees generated as many unique designs as possible in 60 s by drawing lines connecting only unfilled dots. In the switching condition (DF:Switch), examinees generated designs by drawing lines alternating between filled and unfilled dots. We used BRAINS2 software to generate volumes of the right and left frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Partial correlations and multiple regressions showed that, after controlling for Mini-Mental State Examination and DF:Control, only the right and left frontal lobe volumes significantly correlated with the DF:Switch, most clearly in the FTD and SD groups. Follow-up analyses indicated that frontal contributions to shifting were not related to working memory. Results highlight the importance of carefully controlling for component cognitive processes when studying executive functioning.
本研究的目的是探讨脑叶体积与转换能力之间的关系。我们使用一种仔细控制了各项组成能力的转换范式，对101名受试者进行了研究，其中包括36名正常对照者、16名可能患有阿尔茨海默病的患者、30名额颞叶痴呆（FTD）患者和19名语义性痴呆（SD）患者。受试者接受了德利斯-卡普兰执行功能系统（D-KEFS）设计流畅性测试的两种条件。在对照条件（DF:Control）下，受试者通过仅连接未填充的点绘制线条，在60秒内尽可能多地生成独特的设计。在转换条件（DF:Switch）下，受试者通过在填充点和未填充点之间交替绘制线条来生成设计。我们使用BRAINS2软件生成左右额叶、颞叶和顶叶的体积。偏相关和多元回归分析表明，在控制了简易精神状态检查和DF:Control之后，只有左右额叶体积与DF:Switch显著相关，在FTD和SD组中最为明显。后续分析表明，额叶对转换的贡献与工作记忆无关。结果强调了在研究执行功能时仔细控制组成认知过程的重要性。
