Ames Genevieve M, Cunradi Carol B, Moore Roland S, Stern Pamela
Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 May;68(3):336-44. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2007.68.336.
This study builds on research linking work culture and drinking behavior to examine the influence of the military work environment, especially deployment and liberty, on heavy and heavy episodic drinking among career enlistees and officers.
Both quantitative (self-administered cross-sectional survey data collected from 2,380 respondents) and qualitative (home-base and shipboard observations and ethnographic interviews with 81 enlisted and officer personnel) methods provided data. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between occupational factors (enforcement of alcohol policy, work problems, work-related stress, and length of deployment) and positive normative beliefs for heavy drinking during deployment liberty. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between positive normative beliefs and four drinking-related outcomes (past 12-month Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition [DSM-IV], alcohol abuse and frequent heavy drinking, and heavy drinking and heavy episodic drinking during most recent deployment liberty).
Occupational factors were significantly related to positive normative beliefs for heavy drinking during deployment liberty; in turn, positive normative beliefs were significantly associated with each drinking outcome. Although the prevalence of DSM-IV alcohol abuse differed significantly between men and women (28.2% vs 15.1%), as did the prevalence for frequent heavy drinking (13.7% vs 8.9%), no gender differences were found in the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking or heavy drinking during the most recent deployment liberty. Ethnographic results provided descriptions of the cultural context of drinking behavior in relation to ambivalent alcohol policy, relief from work-related stress, ritual of free-range behavior on deployment liberty, and long-standing traditions.
Prevention measures in the military may require policy and environmental changes.
本研究基于将工作文化与饮酒行为联系起来的研究，以考察军事工作环境，尤其是部署和自由时间，对职业士兵和军官中重度饮酒和大量饮酒发作的影响。
定量（从2380名受访者收集的自行填写的横断面调查数据）和定性（驻地和舰上观察以及对81名士兵和军官进行的人种学访谈）方法均提供了数据。线性回归分析用于考察职业因素（酒精政策的执行、工作问题、工作相关压力和部署时长）与部署自由时间重度饮酒的积极规范信念之间的关系。逻辑回归分析用于考察积极规范信念与四种饮酒相关结果（过去12个月《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版[DSM-IV]中的酒精滥用、频繁重度饮酒、最近一次部署自由时间的重度饮酒和大量饮酒发作）之间的关系。
职业因素与部署自由时间重度饮酒的积极规范信念显著相关；反过来，积极规范信念与每种饮酒结果都显著相关。尽管DSM-IV酒精滥用的患病率在男性和女性之间存在显著差异（28.2%对15.－%），频繁重度饮酒的患病率也是如此（13.7%对8.9%），但在最近一次部署自由时间的大量饮酒发作或重度饮酒的患病率上未发现性别差异。人种学研究结果描述了与矛盾的酒精政策、工作相关压力的缓解、部署自由时间的自由行为仪式以及长期传统相关的饮酒行为的文化背景。
军队中的预防措施可能需要政策和环境的改变。
