Changes in molecular species profiles of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor precursors in early stages of biosynthesis.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a major lipidation in posttranslational modification. GPI anchor precursors are biosynthesized from endogenous phosphatidylinositols (PIs) and attached to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Endogenous PIs are characterized by domination of diacyl species and the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acyl chain, such as 18:0-20:4, at the sn-2 position. In contrast, the features of mammalian glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are domination of alkyl/acyl PI species and the presence of saturated fatty acyl chains at the sn-2 position, the latter being consistent with association with lipid rafts. Recent studies showed that saturated fatty acyl chain at sn-2 is introduced by fatty acid remodeling that occurs in GPI-APs. To gain insight into the former feature, we analyzed the molecular species of several different GPI precursors derived from various mammalian mutant cell lines. Here, we show that the PI species profile greatly changed in the precursor glucosamine (GlcN)-acyl-PI and became very similar to that of GPI-APs before fatty acid remodeling. They had alkyl (or alkenyl)/acyl types with unsaturated acyl chain as the major PI species. Therefore, a specific feature of the PI moieties of mature GPI-APs, domination of alkyl (or alkenyl)/acyl type species over diacyl types, is established at the stage of GlcN-acyl-PI.