Maccioni Paola, Orrú Alessandro, Korkosz Agnieszka, Gessa Gian Luigi, Carai Mauro A M, Colombo Giancarlo, Bienkowski Przemyslaw
C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, Viale Diaz 182, I-09126, Cagliari, Italy.
Alcohol. 2007 Feb;41(1):31-9. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.02.006.
The purpose of the present study was to characterize cue-induced reinstatement of ethanol seeking in selectively bred Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats trained to lever press for ethanol in 30-min self-administration sessions. Four responses on an "active" lever led to presentation of 0.1 ml of 15% (vol/vol) ethanol by a liquid dipper and concurrent activation of a set of discrete light and auditory cues. In a 70-min extinction/reinstatement session, responding was first extinguished for 60 min. Subsequently, different stimuli were delivered in a noncontingent manner and reinstatement of nonreinforced responding was assessed. Fifteen presentations of the ethanol-predictive stimulus complex, including the dipper cup containing 5 or 15% ethanol, potently reinstated responding on the previously active lever. The magnitude of reinstatement increased with the number of stimulus presentations and concentration of ethanol presented by the dipper cup. Fifteen presentations of the ethanol-predictive stimulus complex, including the dipper cup filled with water (0% ethanol), did not produce any reinstatement. These results indicate that (1) noncontingent presentations of the ethanol-predictive stimulus complex may reinstate ethanol seeking in sP rats and (2) the orosensory properties of ethanol may play an important role in reinstatement of ethanol seeking in sP rats. The latter finding concurs with clinical observations that odor and taste of alcoholic beverages elicit immediate craving responses in abstinent alcoholics.
本研究的目的是在经过选择性培育的撒丁岛嗜酒（sP）大鼠中，对提示诱导的乙醇觅求恢复进行特征描述。这些大鼠经过训练，在30分钟的自我给药实验中通过按压杠杆来获取乙醇。在“主动”杠杆上的四次反应会导致液体滴管呈现0.1毫升15%（体积/体积）的乙醇，并同时激活一组离散的光和听觉提示。在一个70分钟的消退/恢复实验中，反应首先在60分钟内被消退。随后，以非偶然的方式呈现不同的刺激，并评估非强化反应的恢复情况。乙醇预测性刺激复合体的15次呈现，包括装有5%或15%乙醇的滴管杯，有力地恢复了先前主动杠杆上的反应。恢复的程度随着刺激呈现的次数和滴管杯呈现的乙醇浓度而增加。乙醇预测性刺激复合体的15次呈现，包括装满水（0%乙醇）的滴管杯，没有产生任何恢复效果。这些结果表明：（1）乙醇预测性刺激复合体的非偶然呈现可能会恢复sP大鼠的乙醇觅求行为；（2）乙醇的口感觉特性可能在sP大鼠的乙醇觅求恢复中起重要作用。后一个发现与临床观察结果一致，即酒精饮料的气味和味道会在戒酒的酗酒者中引发立即的渴望反应。
