Wilens Timothy E, Adamson Joel, Sgambati Stephanie, Whitley Julia, Santry Alison, Monuteaux Michael C, Biederman Joseph
Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Am J Addict. 2007;16 Suppl 1:14-21; quiz 22-3. doi: 10.1080/10550490601082742.
Studies report increased rates of cigarette and substance use in youths with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), though the mechanism of risk remains unclear. The present study tests the hypothesis that ADHD individuals "self-medicate" with cigarettes and substances of abuse. As part of five- and ten-year case-control longitudinal family studies of ADHD, responses to the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) were examined for evidence of self-medication. DUSI data from 90 ADHD probands and 96 control probands were obtained. Thirty-six percent of subjects reported self-medication, 25% used to get high, and 39% had unknown motivation. No significant differences were found between ADHD and controls in motivation. ADHD symptoms did not differ between self-medicators and subjects using to get high. DUSI problem scores were higher in ADHD (versus controls), those using to get high (versus self-medicators), and subjects using alcohol (versus other substances). More than one-third of adolescents and young adults endorsed using cigarettes and substances for self medication. Studies clarifying the role of self-medication in substance use disorders are necessary.
研究报告显示，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的青少年吸烟和使用毒品的比例有所上升，但其风险机制尚不清楚。本研究检验了ADHD患者通过吸烟和滥用药物进行“自我治疗”的假设。作为对ADHD进行的为期五年和十年的病例对照纵向家庭研究的一部分，对药物使用筛查量表（DUSI）的回答进行了检查，以寻找自我治疗的证据。获得了90名ADHD先证者和96名对照先证者的DUSI数据。36%的受试者报告有自我治疗行为，25%是为了寻求兴奋感，39%的动机不明。ADHD患者和对照组在动机方面没有显著差异。自我治疗者和为了寻求兴奋感而使用药物的受试者之间的ADHD症状没有差异。ADHD患者（与对照组相比）、为了寻求兴奋感而使用药物的受试者（与自我治疗者相比）以及使用酒精的受试者（与使用其他物质的受试者相比）的DUSI问题得分更高。超过三分之一的青少年和青年认可为了自我治疗而使用香烟和药物。有必要开展研究以阐明自我治疗在物质使用障碍中的作用。
