Ziebarth Angela, Hansen Keith A
Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madsion, Wisconsin, USA.
S D Med. 2007 Mar;60(3):99-101, 103-5.
Unintended and teenage pregnancies are major public health concerns in the United States. Emergency contraception is used to prevent pregnancy after failure of a contraceptive method or after unprotected intercourse. Expanded use of emergency contraception has the potential to reduce unintended pregnancy and induced abortions, while reducing state and federal healthcare expenditures. The recent approval of Plan B as an over-the-counter medication for individuals over 18 years of age should improve access to this medication. However, there are still widespread misconceptions about the mechanisms and implications of emergency contraception. Expanded access to emergency contraception is associated with increased use, but not associated with decreased efficacy, increased sexual risk-taking behavior, or less consistent use of traditional birth control methods. This review is designed to provide clinicians with information regarding the use of emergency contraception for reproductive age patients. It includes a brief description of methods of use, mechanisms of action, and side effect profiles of the most commonly used methods of emergency contraception, levonorgestrel and the Yuzpe method.
意外怀孕和青少年怀孕是美国主要的公共卫生问题。紧急避孕用于在避孕方法失败或无保护性交后预防怀孕。扩大紧急避孕的使用有可能减少意外怀孕和人工流产,同时减少州和联邦的医疗保健支出。最近,“毓婷”被批准作为18岁以上人群的非处方药,这应该会改善这种药物的可及性。然而,对于紧急避孕的机制和影响仍然存在广泛的误解。扩大紧急避孕的可及性与使用增加有关,但与效力降低、性冒险行为增加或传统避孕方法使用的一致性降低无关。本综述旨在为临床医生提供有关为育龄患者使用紧急避孕的信息。它简要描述了最常用的紧急避孕方法左炔诺孕酮和Yuzpe法的使用方法、作用机制和副作用概况。