Vila Anna, Ferrer Núria, García Jose F
Department de Pintura, Conservació-Restauració, Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Pau Gargallo 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Anal Chim Acta. 2007 May 15;591(1):97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.060. Epub 2007 Apr 6.
This article aims to provide the basic information necessary to afford the discrimination of artistic prints based on chemical information. The presence of original and non-original prints in the art market is a real problem, especially for contemporary artists. Most of the non-original elements can be distinguished on the basis of their stylistics and printing characteristics, but sometimes this information is not enough. To facilitate discrimination in these cases, we propose to add, to the previously indicated aspects, the chemical information of the materials involved in the production of the original series (inks, paper and pencil). Comparison of the composition of any element with that established for the original series will permit the attribution of any doubtful element. This article is focused on the evaluation of this approach by determining the chemical composition of contemporary black printing inks by infrared spectroscopy and by searching, on the basis of the information obtained, for criteria capable to discriminate between prints made of different inks. The success of the approach with this set of inks could easily be extended to the study of colour inks. The study also includes the characterization and discrimination of black pigments because they are the most characteristic component of these inks and because this information can also be useful for other artistic studies. The procedure proposed permits the analysis of inks with minimum deterioration of the artwork. Results indicate the capability of the approach because, following the procedure, it is possible to distinguish between black pigments attending to the presence of hydroxyapatite, silicate and some other specific bands, whereas black inks can be discriminated by paying attention to the inclusion in their composition of such pigments as bone black, Prussian blue, mars brown or other specific bands. Scanning electron microscopy analyses have corroborated the results obtained.
本文旨在提供基于化学信息鉴别艺术印刷品所需的基本信息。艺术市场中原创和非原创印刷品的存在是一个现实问题，尤其对当代艺术家而言。大多数非原创元素可根据其风格和印刷特征加以区分，但有时这些信息并不足够。为便于在这些情况下进行鉴别，我们建议在先前指出的方面基础上，增加原创系列制作过程中所涉及材料（油墨、纸张和铅笔）的化学信息。将任何元素的成分与原创系列所确定的成分进行比较，将有助于对任何可疑元素进行归属判定。本文聚焦于通过红外光谱法测定当代黑色印刷油墨的化学成分，并基于所获信息寻找能够区分由不同油墨制成的印刷品的标准，以此来评估这种方法。用这套油墨实施该方法取得的成功成果可轻易扩展至彩色油墨的研究。该研究还包括黑色颜料的表征与鉴别，因为它们是这些油墨最具特色的成分，且该信息对其他艺术研究也可能有用。所提出的程序允许在对艺术品损害最小的情况下对油墨进行分析。结果表明了该方法的可行性，因为按照该程序，根据羟基磷灰石、硅酸盐及其他一些特定谱带的存在情况，可以区分黑色颜料，而通过关注骨黑、普鲁士蓝、棕氧化铁等颜料或其他特定谱带在其成分中的包含情况，可以鉴别黑色油墨。扫描电子显微镜分析证实了所获结果。
